Abstract
Travel-related thrombosis (TRT), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary
embolism (PE), poses a significant health risk associated with long-haul travel. Prolonged
immobility, dehydration, and cabin pressure changes during flights contribute to venous
stasis, hypoxia, and hypercoagulability, collectively increasing the risk of venous
thromboembolism (VTE). While the absolute risk of TRT is relatively low in the population
overall, it rises significantly among high-risk groups, including individuals with
a history of VTE, thrombophilia, pregnancy, or recent surgery. This review explores
the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation
of TRT while highlighting the importance of early recognition and prevention. Risk
assessment models can provide guidance for identifying at-risk travelers. Preventive
strategies include pharmacological prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)
for high-risk individuals and nonpharmacological measures such as compression stockings,
intermittent pneumatic compression, mobility exercises, and hydration. Guidelines
from international societies recommend tailored interventions based on individual
risk profiles, as randomized controlled trials are scarce. Given that long-haul travel
dramatically expands, this review critically analyzes the available TRT management
strategies in various clinical settings, aiming to increase awareness of this global
health issue.
Keywords
thrombosis - venous thromboembolism - pulmonary embolism - risk factors - risk assessment
- prevention strategies
