The Evolution of Scope-Based Devices in Surgery and Medicine: A Historical Review of Advances in Percutaneous Cholangioscopy and Cholecystoscopy

Abstract

Percutaneous cholangioscopy and cholecystoscopy are critical endoscopic techniques for diagnosing and treating biliary and gallbladder disorders. These have evolved significantly since their inception. Cholangioscopy offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional methods such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, which rely on fluoroscopy. Early engineering advancements, including catheter-based systems and fiber optics, improved visualization and therapeutic options. The introduction of the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System marked a turning point, enabling greater maneuverability within the biliary system. Modern endoscopy incorporates high-definition imaging and advanced technologies, enhancing diagnostic evaluation and subsequent therapy of biliary tree and gallbladder diseases. The progression of percutaneous cholangioscopy and cholecystoscopy highlights its pivotal role in minimally invasive medicine. Its incorporation into the interventional radiologist's toolbox is a great leap forward for the specialty.

Keywords

percutaneous cholangioscopy - cholecystoscopy - endoscopy

Publication History

Received: 12 December 2024

Accepted: 24 December 2024

Article published online:
11 February 2025

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