Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) has been used extensively in medical applications after being
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1954. In the beginning, this
substance was originally employed for evaluating cardiac output and quantifying liver
function. The widespread acceptance of the technique was delayed until the early 2000s,
when advancements in digital imaging resolution provided more satisfactory images
compared with those of film-based photography. ICG-based fluorescence imaging has
since been used in various aspects of liver surgery. In 2008, Aoki et al first reported
an intraoperative technique for subsegmental and segmental fluorescent staining during
open hepatectomy, achieving a success rate of 93% in identifying the anatomical plane.
At about the same time, laparoscopic liver resections (LLRs) were increasingly used
for liver malignancies but were still in a developmental phase with yet to be standardized
surgical protocols. Combined ICG fluorescence imaging in LLR has since been developed
to improve the quality and precision of anatomical liver resections. This article
is a case presentation and review of the clinical applications of ICG fluorescence
imaging in liver surgery.
Keywords
ICG - laparoscopic liver resection - fluorescence image
