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Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44(01): 035-042
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785196
Review Article

New Nomenclature for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Understanding Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Metabolic Dysfunction- and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease, and Their Implications in Clinical Practice

Clémence M. Canivet
1   Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
2   HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, Angers University, Angers, France
,
Jérôme Boursier
1   Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
2   HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, Angers University, Angers, France
,
Rohit Loomba
3   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, MASLD Research Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
› Author Affiliations
Funding R.L. received funding support from National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (5UL1TR001442), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK061734, U01DK130190, R01DK106419, R01DK121378, R01DK124318, P30DK120515), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL147835), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U01AA029019).
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Abstract

In June 2023, under the patronage of the American Association for Study of Liver Disease, the European Association for Study of the Liver, and the Asociación Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Hígado with the involvement of 236 participants from around the world, a new nomenclature and definition for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been proposed. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was defined as presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one of the cardiometabolic risk factors with alcohol intake less than 140 g/wk for women and 210 g/wk for men and no other causes of steatosis. A new entity called combined metabolic dysfunction- and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) was created outside of pure MASLD for patients with metabolic dysfunction and alcohol intake greater than that allowed for MASLD (i.e., 140–350 g/wk for women and 210–420 g/wk for men). Recent studies have confirmed a 95% overlap between NAFLD and the new MASLD diagnostic criteria. Natural history, biomarkers, and thresholds of alcohol intake in MetALD group remains to be studied and validated.

Keywords

NAFLD - MASLD - MetALD - nomenclature - cardiometabolic


Publication History

Article published online:
26 March 2024

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