Sport und Rheuma

Zusammenfassung

Es werden ca. 200–300 verschiedene Krankheitsbilder dem „rheumatischen Formenkreis“ zugeordnet, und so heterogen wie diese Erkrankungen sind die Verläufe innerhalb dieser Erkrankungen beim einzelnen Patienten. In den letzten Jahren konnten enorme Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Pharmakotherapie insbesondere auch in der Versorgungsstrategie durch das „Treat to Target“ Prinzip erzielt werden. Obwohl eine breite Datenlage zu den positiven Effekten von Sport bei Rheumapatienten vorliegt, herrscht hier oft noch Unsicherheit über Art und Weise einer möglichen sportlichen Betätigung bei Ärzten und Patienten vor. Nicht nur für leichtes aerobes Ausdauertraining und „Low-instensity-Sport“ sondern auch für den Nutzen von intensivem Krafttraining liegen gute Daten vor. Durch den Einsatz moderner Hilfsmittel könnte die Sportfähigkeit vieler Patienten noch deutlich gesteigert werden. Noch wichtiger aber erscheint es, Unsicherheiten zu beseitigen, zu Sport zu motivieren, aber natürlich auch auf der anderen Seite, Risiken und Gefahren im Einzelfall im Vorfeld schon zu erkennen und zu umgehen.

Abstract

The family of rheumatic diseases comprises approximately 200–300 disorders. The clinical course of the individual patient seems to be just as heterogeneous as the diseases themselves. In recent years, great progress has been made in diagnostics, treatment and treatment strategies due to the “treat to target” concept. Although there is plenty of evidence on the positive effects of sports in patients with rheumatic diseases, a great deal of uncertainty prevails among practitioners and patients regarding exercise types and intensities. There is valid data not only for moderate aerobic and low-intensity-training, but also for intensive weight training. Modern orthopaedic orthoses, shoes and textiles could help many patients increase their exercise ability. More importantly, however, uncertainties should be overcome and patients should be motivated to do sports. At the same time, of course, risks for individual patients should be recognised and avoided beforehand.

Schlüsselwörter

Sport - Rheuma - Endoprothese - Polyneuropathie - Arthritis

Key words

sport - rheumatism - endoprosthesis - polyneuropathy - arthritis

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