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Der Nuklearmediziner 2017; 40(02): 102-118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-105470
Entzündungsdiagnostik
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Visualisierung molekularer Zielstrukturen bei Entzündungen und Infektionen

Visualisation of molecular targets in infection and inflammation
Birgit Meller
Abteilung Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
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Publication History

Publication Date:
13 June 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Exo- und endogene Reize führen zu Abwehrreaktionen des hämatopoetisch-immunologischen Zellsystems, die von der Emigration entzündungsrelevanter Zellen bis hin zu lytischen Prozessen reichen.

Mittlerweile wurden Radiopharmaka für die Visualisierung einer Großzahl von Einzelaspekten inflammatorischer Prozesse entwickelt und sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo untersucht. Ein klarer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei unverändert auf granulozytären Prozessen, wobei von den Granulozyten, über deren Adhäsion und Emigration, ihren gesteigerten Energiebedarf und ihre erhöhte Rezeptorexpression bereits eine Vielzahl von Aspekten adressiert und visualisiert werden können.

Die Visualisierung des adaptiven Immunsystems – speziell der Lymphozyten – kann mittlerweile mittels Antikörpern und Peptiden erfolgen.

Für die Bildgebung bei Infektionen wurden bakterienspezifische Substanzen, wie z. B. markierte Antibiotika und antimikrobielle Peptide, entwickelt sowie Besonderheiten des bakteriellen Stoffwechsels adressiert.

Auffällig ist generell, dass in den vergangenen Jahren viele der lange bekannten Einzelphotonen-emittierenden Radiopharmaka für die Positronen-emittierende nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik variiert und evaluiert wurden.

Da viele der theoretisch spezifischen Radiopharmaka unspezifisch in Entzündungen exsudiert werden, könnte die unterschiedliche Kinetik von spezifischen und unspezifischen Anreicherungen ein Beitrag zu einer erhöhten Spezifität der nuklearmedizinischen Entzündungsdiagnostik sein.

Abstract

Exogenous or endogenous stimuli result in the defensive response of the hematopoietic-immunologic cell system ranging from emigration of inflammatory cells to lytic processes.

Up to now, a broad spectrum of radiopharmaceuticals for visualization of several single aspects of inflammatory processes were developed and investigated in vitro and in vivo. Most work focussed on the visualization of several aspects of granulocytic processes, beginning with granulocytes itself, their adhesion and emigration, their increased energy consumption as well as their elevated receptor expression.

The visualization of the adaptive immune system, especially of lymphocytes, was performed by antibodies and peptides.

For imaging of infection, bacteria-specific substances like labelled antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides were developed and the special features of bacterial metabolism were addressed.

In general it is obvious that well known single photon emitting radiopharmaceuticals were redeveloped for positron emission tomography.

Since most of the theoretical specific radiopharmaceuticals exudate unspecifically in inflammations, the kinetic differences between specific an unspecific uptake might increase the specificity of inflammation imaging in nuclear medicine.

Schlüsselwörter

Radiopharmaka - molekulare Zielstrukturen - Bildgebung - Infektion - Entzündung

Keywords

Radiopharmaceuticals - molecular Targets - Imaging - Infection, Inflammation
 

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