Immuntherapie gegen Tumorstammzellen bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich

Zusammenfassung

Immunologische Therapieformen wie die Gabe von Antikörpern kommen bei soliden Tumoren, wie dem Plattenepithelkarzinom des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs entweder alleine, oder kombiniert mit Radio- oder Chemotherapie zum Einsatz. Trotz einiger respektabler Erfolge stößt auch diese Therapieform an ihre Grenzen, nicht zuletzt aufgrund verschiedener Fähigkeiten des Tumors, sich dem Selektionsdruck des Immunsystems zu entziehen. Eine wesentliche Rolle scheinen hier Tumorstammzellen zu spielen, welche eine intrinsische Resistenz gegen konventionelle Therapien aufweisen und die Fähigkeit besitzen, die Heterogenität der Tumormasse zu rekonstruieren. Auf diese Weise haben sie substantiellen Anteil an der Entwicklung von Rezidiven und Metastasen. Entsprechend sollten künftige Immuntherapien auf diese Subpopulation spezifisch abzielen, möglicherweise auch in Kombination mit anderen Therapieformen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die immunologischen Merkmale von Tumorstammzellen und ihr Potenzial als Ansatzpunkte für eine Immuntherapie zusammengefasst.

Abstract

Immunotherapy against head and neck cancer stem cells Immunologic therapies like antibodies in solid tumors like squamous cell cancer of the head and neck are administered either alone or in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Despite some respectable successes, the effect of this therapy reaches its limits due the ability of the tumor to escape the immune system. Cancer stem cells seem to play an important role in this process due to their intrinsic resistance to conventional therapy and the ability to regenerate tumor heterogeneity. This way they substantially contribute to the formation of recurrences and metastases. Therefore, future immunotherapies should target specifically this subpopulation, possibly in combination with other therapeutic modalities. In this review the immunologic features of cancer stem cells and their potential as target for immunotherapies is summarized.

Schlüsselwörter

Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinom - Epitheliale-Mesenchymale-Transition - Tumorstammzellen - Humane Papillomaviren - Immuntherapie - PD-L1 - Antikörpertherapie

Key words

squamous cell cancer of the head and neck - epithelial-mesenchymal transition - cancer stem cell - human papilloma virus - immunotherapy - PD-L1

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