PET/MR-Bildgebung in der Neurologie und Psychiatrie

Zusammenfassung

Hybride PET/MRT-Geräte sind mittlerweile seit 2011 verfügbar und an vielen Standorten weltweit installiert. Aufgrund des hohen Weichteilkontrasts der MRT im Vergleich zur CT ist die PET/MRT für die Hirnbildgebung besonders geeignet. Eine Vielzahl von Studien belegt mittlerweile die einfache Durchführbarkeit der PET/MRT und eine Vereinfachung der Untersuchungsabläufe beim Management neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen, in der Neuroonkologie und bei Epilepsie. Außerdem bietet sie den Anwendern eine hohe Flexibilität in der Hirnforschung. Diese Arbeit widmet sich grundlegenden technischen Aspekten der Hirn-PET/MRT, umreißt typische Arbeitsabläufe und Anwendungen und bietet einen Überblick über den bisherigen klinischen Stellenwert der hybriden PET/MRT in der Diagnostik von demenziellen Erkrankungen, in der Neuroonkologie, bei neurovaskulären Erkrankungen, Epilepsie, Multipler Sklerose und in der Grundlagenforschung.

Abstract

Hybrid PET/MR systems have been routinely available since 2011 and have been installed at many locations worldwide. Due to the high soft-tissue contrast in MRI as compared to CT, PET/MRI is particularly suitable for brain imaging. Numerous studies document the straight-forward operation of hybrid PET/MR systems and the subsequent simplification of hybrid imaging procedures in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, in neuro-oncology and epilepsy. It also provides users with a high degree of flexibility in brain research. Here, we summarize basic technical aspects of brain PET/MRI, outline typical workflows and applications and provide an overview of the recent clinical role of hybrid PET/MRI in the diagnosis of dementia, in neuro-oncology, in neurovascular diseases, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and in basic brain research.

Schlüsselwörter

PET - MRT - Demenz - Hirntumor - Epilepsie - fMRT

Key words

PET - MRI - dementia - brain tumor - epilepsia - fMRI

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