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Planta Med 2017; 83(03/04): 245-253
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-112371
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

6-Gingerol Suppresses Adipocyte-Derived Mediators of Inflammation In Vitro and in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Zebra Fish

Jia Choi   *
1   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
,
Kui-Jin Kim   *
1   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
,
Byung-Hak Kim
2   Department of Pharmacology & Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
,
Eun-Jeong Koh
1   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
,
Min-Jung Seo
1   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
,
Boo-Yong Lee
1   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 28 March 2016
revised 04 July 2016

accepted 09 July 2016

Publication Date:
15 August 2016 (online)

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Abstract

The present study was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of 6-gingerol on adipocyte-mediated systemic inflammation in vitro and in high-fat diet-induced obese zebra fish. 6-Gingerol decreased adipogenesis due to the suppression of adipocyte differentiation markers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAATT enhancer binding protein α, and adipocyte protein 2, and triglyceride synthesis enzymes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, fatty acid synthase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and acyl-coA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, in 3T3-L1. A coculture insert system using 3T3-L1 with RAW 264.7 (coculture insert system using fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with RAW 264.7 macrophages) revealed that 6-gingerol increased anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. The expression of TNFα, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were decreased in the coculture insert system using fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 6-gingerol. Moreover, the coculture insert system using fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 6-gingerol inhibited the protein expression of TNFα and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in RAW 264.7. 6-Gingerol decreased c-JUN N-terminal kinase and I kappa B kinase beta and its downstream target AP-1 expression in the coculture insert system using fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, 6-gingerol decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulated by the coculture insert system using fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with RAW 264.7 macrophages in RAW 264.7 and attenuated nitric oxide production in diet-induced obese zebra fish. Our results suggest that 6-gingerol suppresses inflammation through the regulation of the c-JUN N-terminal kinase-I kappa B kinase beta and its downstream targets.

Key words

6-gingerol - coculture system - high-fat diet-induced obese zebra fish - systemic inflammation - obesity - Zingiber officinale - Zingiberaceae

* These authors contributed equally to this work.


 

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