Anreize zur Beeinflussung der individuellen Rauchentwöhnung – Ergebnisse eines „Overview of Reviews“ zu Wirksamkeitseffekten

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Anreize stellen für eine Rauchentwöhnung bzw. Tabakprävention ein spezifisches Angebot dar. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, die Wirksamkeit von Anreizen zu erheben.

Methodik: Die Evidenzdarstellung basiert auf einem „Overview of Reviews“. Eine systematische Literatursuche in 8 Datenbanken und eine Qualitätsbewertung der systematischen Reviews markieren das methodische Vorgehen.

Ergebnisse: 17 systematische Reviews erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Materielle Anreize zeigen sich in der Rauchentwöhnung (insbesondere für Schwangere und Frauen post partum) wirksam, jedoch kommt es zu einer Abflachung der Effekte nach einem Aussetzen der Anreize. Für die Gruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen zeigen sich keine eindeutigen Präventionseffekte durch Anreize.

Schlussfolgerungen: Eine effektive Entwöhnung des Tabakkonsums bedarf einer verschränkten Vorgehensweise, die Anreize für Individuen mit präventiven Maßnahmen auf der Policy-Ebene verknüpft.

Abstract

Aims: Incentives represent a specific intervention to support smoking cessation and prevention. This paper aims at assessing the effectiveness of incentives.

Methods: The evidence is based on an overview of reviews. The methodological approach involved a systematic literature search in 8 databases and a quality assessment of the systematic reviews.

Results: 17 systematic reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Incentives have positive effects on smoking cessation (particularly for pregnant women and women post partum), effects decreased once incentives were suspended, though. There is no evidence that incentives have a preventive effect on children and adolescents.

Conclusions: Effective smoking restriction necessitates concerted actions combining incentives for individuals and preventive measures on the policy-level.

Schlüsselwörter

Anreize - Rauchen - Gesundheitsverhalten - Nikotinabstinenz - Overview of Reviews

Key words

incentives - smoking - health behaviour - nicotine abstinence - overview of reviews

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