Hochreaktives Training bei jugendlichen Fußballspielern

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Knie- und Sprunggelenksverletzungen stellen im Fußball nach wie vor ein ernstes Problem dar. Trotz einer Vielzahl von Präventionsprogrammen kommt es zu keiner signifikanten Reduktion der Anzahl von schweren Knieverletzungen. Infolgedessen sind die zugrunde liegenden Strategien in Diagnostik und Training zu überdenken.

Fragestellung: Ziel der Trainingsstudie war es, einen völlig neuen Interventionsansatz (hochreaktives Training auf dem SpeedCourt) anhand einer Stichprobe jugendlicher, professioneller Fußballer hinsichtlich seiner Wirksamkeit zu prüfen.

Methodik: 24 A-Jugend Spieler (Alter: 18,0 ± 0,7 Jahre) einer Fußballregionalligamannschaft absolvierten während der Saison in einem Zeitraum von sieben Wochen sieben Trainingseinheiten (TE) auf dem SpeedCourt. Die TE enthielten Life-kinetische-Elemente (Belastungsdauer: 15 – 30s; Pause: 2 min) und waren in eine Erwärmung (15 min) und das hochreaktive Training auf dem SpeedCourt (30 min) strukturiert. Vor und nach dem Trainingsprogramm erfolgte die Testung der Spieler auf dem SpeedCourt (Tests: Counter Movement Jump [CMJ], Shuttle run, Tapping, 10-Sekunden-Lauf).

Ergebnisse: Die einfaktorielle, univariate Varianzanalyse ergab in allen Testparametern signifikante (η²> 0,10) Verbesserungen der Spieler. Diese bewegten sich in einer Range von η² = 0,106 (Bodenkontaktzeit rechts) und η² = 0,730 (Reaktionszeit rechts). Zwischen den Tests und Parametern fanden sich keine relevanten (r> 0,5) Korrelationen. Die Anzahl verletzungsinduzierender Unfälle für die untere Extremität reduzierte sich in definierten Zeiträumen um ca. 50 %.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Testergebnisse zeigen, dass ein hochreaktives Training auf dem SpeedCourt die Schnelligkeits- und Schnellkraftleistungen von Fußballspielern deutlich verbessert. Dies ist insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der sehr geringen Reizdichte (1 TE/Woche) bemerkenswert. Die beobachtete Leistungssteigerung korrespondierte überdies mit einem deutlichen Rückgang der Verletzungsrate.

Abstract

Background: Injuries of the knee and ankle joint are a serious ongoing problem in soccer. Although there is a variety of prevention programmes, a significant reduction of severe knee injuries has not been observed. Therefore, current strategies for diagnostics and training need to be re-evaluated.

Objective: Our study aimed to test a totally new intervention strategy (fast response training on the SpeedCourt). The efficiency of this method was evaluated with youth soccer athletes.

Materials and methods: 24 young male class A athletes (mean age 18.0 ± 0.7 years) of a local soccer team underwent SpeedCourt training for 7 weeks (1 training session per week = TS) during the regular season of competition. TS contained life-kinetic elements (time of exercise: 15 – 30 seconds, break: 2 minutes) and included a warm-up phase (15 minutes) and fast response training on the SpeedCourt (30 minutes). The players were tested on the SpeedCourt with different tests (Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), shuttle run, tapping, 10-second sprint) before and after the training programme.

Results: The univariate single-factor analysis of variance showed significant improvements in all test parameters (η²> 0.10). The range varied between η² = 0.106 (time of ground contact right leg) und η² = 0.730 (reaction time right leg). We did not find any relevant correlations between the tests and parameters. The number of injury-related accidents involving the lower extremities was reduced by about 50 % during defined periods of time.

Conclusion: Our data revealed that training with fast responses at the SpeedCourt system clearly improved speed and speed strength performance of young soccer athletes, which is remarkable given the low intensity of influences (one TS per week). The increase in performance was accompanied by a significant reduction of the injury rate.

Schlüsselwörter

Fußball - hochreaktives Training - SpeedCourt - Schnelligkeit - Schnellkraft

Key words

soccer - fast respons training - speedcourt - speed - speed strength

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