Pancreatico-biliary or bilio-pancreatic limb obstruction is a rare but serious complication
of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This is characterized by an obstruction proximal
to the jejuno-jejunostomy anastomosis resulting in back pressure of the pancreatico-biliary
limb and remnant stomach with a potential for necrosis and perforation of the stomach,
duodenum, and jejunum [1]. To our knowledge, the only reported treatment is surgical correction of the underlying
cause.
Here we present a 40-year-old woman who underwent an RYGB for morbid obesity who in
2005 experienced complications in the form of gastric ulcer disease, surgical site
infection, intra-abdominal collections, and enterocutaneous fistulae. She required
multiple laparotomies and placement of a feeding jejunostomy tube. Several months
later, she developed a pancreatico-biliary limb obstruction ([Fig. 1]), with back flow of bile through the jejunostomy site. Due to her complex surgical
history, further surgery was considered unwise and the problem was approached endoscopically.
Fig. 1 Computed tomography of a bilio-pancreatic limb obstruction following Roux-en-Y gastric
bypass. a Mildly dilated intrahepatic duct (arrow). b Distended bilio-pancreatic limb
with feeding jejunostomy tube in situ (arrow).
The procedure was performed under general anesthesia. Fluoroscopy was utilized throughout
for adjunct imaging. Two operators, each with individual endoscopy towers, were required
for the procedure. The first operator used a dual-channel gastroscope (GIF-2TH180;
Olympus, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA) to access the Roux-limb transorally through
the gastric pouch, and the second operator used a pediatric gastroscope (GIF-XP160;
Olympus), which was inserted through the jejunostomy site into the pancreatico-biliary
limb.
The point along the limbs at which each operator could view the other operator’s gastroscope
light was selected for the creation of a tract ([Video 1]). A 19-gauge Flex endoscopic needle (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts,
USA) was inserted through the dual-channel gastroscope to access the excluded limb
([Fig. 2], [Fig. 3]). Following this, a long 0.025-inch Visiglide wire (Olympus) was then curled within
the pancreatico-biliary limb and brought out through the jejunostomy. This enteroenterostomy
was dilated with a dilation balloon to 4 mm, and a 10 × 10 mm Axios stent (Boston
Scientific) was deployed and further dilated using a balloon to 10 mm (CRE Balloon
Dilator; Boston Scientific). This procedure took approximately 90 minutes.
Endoscopic management of a bilio-pancreatic limb obstruction following Roux-en-Y
gastric bypass.
Fig. 2 A 19-gauge Flex endoscopic needle (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts,
USA) was used to puncture the opposing small-bowel walls; the intraluminal gastroscope
light is clearly visible (arrow).
Fig. 3 Fluoroscopy showed the dual-channel gastroscope and pediatric gastroscope approach
each other head-on. a Under direct visualization, the opposing small-bowel walls were punctured. b A guidewire was advanced into the bilio-pancreatic limb. c An Axios stent was deployed (arrow). d The stent was dilated using a CRE balloon dilator (Boston Scientific, Marlborough,
Massachusetts, USA) (arrow).
Following the procedure the patient’s bowel obstruction resolved and she no longer
experienced bilious outflow through the jejunostomy site.
This novel technique should be considered as a viable alternative to the traditional
surgical approach in the obstruction of the pancreatico-biliary limb following RYGB.
Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AO_2AN
