Belastende psychosoziale Arbeitsplatzbedingungen – Risikofaktoren für inzidente Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Menschen sind in ihrer Arbeitsumgebung vielfältigen Belastungen ausgesetzt, die auch Gesundheitsrisiken einschließen. Zu den aversiven psychosozialen Arbeitsplatzbedingungen, die als KHK-Risikofaktoren qualifizieren, gehören Arbeitsstress, Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit, Arbeitsplatzverlust und Überforderung durch Mehrarbeit und Überstunden. Zu den zentralen psycho-neurophysiologischen Vermittlungswegen, über die aversive Stressbedingungen am Arbeitsplatz zu pathologischen Veränderungen im Körper führen, zählen das autonome, das endokrine und das immunologische System. Aversive Synergismen durch Akkumulation weiterer psychosozialer Risikofaktoren (wie andauernde familiäre Konflikte) sind wahrscheinlich. Psychosoziale berufliche Belastungsfaktoren sollten in die Anamnese berufstätiger Patienten einbezogen werden. Eine Therapie zielt auf eine Förderung von personalen Bewältigungsressourcen.

At workplace, individuals are often exposed to multiple adverse conditions which might be harmful to health. Among the aversive psychosocial working conditions which may qualify as risk factors for coronary heart disease are work stress, job insecurity, job loss and job overload/overtime. Among the psycho-neurophysiologic pathways, through which aversive workplace conditions might lead to pathologic chances, are the autonomous, the endocrine and the immunologic system. Aversive synergisms caused by accumulation of other psychosocial risk-factors (e.g. family conflict) are very likely. Psychosocial workplace-related stress should be included in the anamnestic interview of employed patients. Therapeutic interventions should aim at the support of individual coping resources.

Key words

Working conditions - CHD risk factors - psycho-neurophysiologic pathway

• Literatur

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