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Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40(04): 411-426
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717096
Review Article

Cell Therapy for Liver Disease: From Promise to Reality

Sheeba Khan
1   National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
2   Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
3   Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
,
Reenam S. Khan
1   National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
2   Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
3   Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
,
Philip N. Newsome
1   National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
2   Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
3   Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Over the last decade, there has been a considerable progress in the development of cell therapy products for the treatment of liver diseases. The quest to generate well-defined homogenous cell populations with defined mechanism(s) of action has enabled the progression from use of autologous bone marrow stem cells comprising of heterogeneous cell populations to allogeneic cell types such as monocyte-derived macrophages, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, etc. There is growing evidence regarding the multiple molecular mechanisms pivotal to various therapeutic effects and hence, careful selection of cell therapy product for the desired putative effects is crucial. In this review, we have presented an overview of the cell therapies that have been developed thus far, with preclinical and clinical evidence for their use in liver disease. Limitations associated with these therapies have also been discussed. Despite the advances made, there remain multiple challenges to overcome before cell therapies can be considered as viable treatment options, and these include larger scale clinical trials, scalable production of cells according to good manufacturing practice standards, pathways for delivery of cell therapy within hospital environments, and costs associated with the production.

Keywords

mesenchymal stromal cells - bone marrow stem cells - Tregs - dendritic cells - macrophages


Publication History

Article published online:
24 December 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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