J Pediatr Intensive Care 2021; 10(04): 256-263
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715854
Original Article

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Tetanus at a Tertiary Care Center

Shruti A. Mondkar
1   Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Milind S. Tullu
1   Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Chandrahas T. Deshmukh
1   Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Ramya SrinivasaRangan
1   Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Mukesh Agrawal
1   Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
› Institutsangaben

Funding None.
Preview

Abstract

The aims and objectives of this study were to study clinical profile and factors affecting mortality in tetanus. This was a retrospective study of 25 tetanus patients (aged 6 months–12 years) admitted to pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary center (over 3 years). In this study, 25 tetanus cases (mean age 6.6 years) were analyzed; 16 were males and 9 were females. Incubation period ranged from 2 to 30 days (mean 8.2 days), period of onset from 11 to 120 hours (mean 42.8 hours), and duration of spasms from 4 to 26 days (mean 14 days). The commonest portal of entry was posttrauma (52%), followed by otogenic (40%). Eighteen patients had moderate and 7 had severe tetanus. Fifteen were unimmunized and 10 were partially immunized. The commonest complaints were trismus and spasms (100%), hypertonia (72%), fever (60%), dysphagia (48%), and neck stiffness (44%). Eight patients required primary tracheostomy and 11 required primary endotracheal intubation. Complications encountered were pneumonia (58%), conjunctivitis (41%), gastrointestinal bleed (37.5%), urinary infection (33%), acute kidney injury (AKI) following rhabdomyolysis (33%), sepsis (29%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (25%), bedsores (25%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (20%). Oral diazepam was most commonly used, followed by midazolam, vecuronium, and magnesium sulfate. Mortality rate was 32% (five moderate and three severe cases died). Short period of onset (less than 48 hours), AKI following rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, DIC, ARDS, and inotrope need were significantly associated with higher mortality. It is concluded that the commonest portal of entry was posttrauma. None of the patients was completely immunized. Short period of onset, AKI, sepsis, DIC, ARDS, and inotrope need predicted a higher mortality.

Authors' Contributions

S.A.M. and M.S.T. were involved in conceptualization of the manuscript, conducting literature search, and drafting the manuscript. S.A.M. and M.S.T. are both designated as first authors of this manuscript. Patient data were collected by S.A.M. and R.S.R. The project was supervised by M.S.T., C.T.D., and M.A. C.T.D., R.S.R., and M.A. also helped in conducting literature search and revised the manuscript for scientific content. M.S.T. will act as the guarantor for the article.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 19. Mai 2020

Angenommen: 22. Juli 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. September 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany