The History of Propeller Flaps

Abstract

Several pedicled flaps were developed by Hyakusoku at the Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, in the 1980s to treat a large number of patients with postburn contractures. In this setting, the propeller flaps were described for the first time in 1991. The term propeller was used because of the blade shape of the skin island rotating on its axis. In 1989, Koshima introduced the term perforator flaps, whereas Hallock, in 2006, applied the perforator flap concept to the propeller flap. The name perforator pedicled propeller flap followed. Propeller flap had developed to be an important operative technique and a hot topic in the field of reconstructive microsurgery, with the important contribution of Teo. In 2009, the First Tokyo Meeting on Perforator and Propeller Flaps was held, where Pignatti reported the consensus on the definition and classification of propeller flaps that was given by the advisory panel of the meeting. Further evolutions developed since then will be described in this dedicated issue of Seminars of Plastic Surgery.

Keywords

propeller flaps - definition of propeller - history of propeller

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. September 2020

• References

• 1 Hyakusoku H, Okubo M, Suenobu J, Fumiiri M. Use of scarred flaps and secondary flaps for reconstructive surgery of extensive burns. Burns 1986; 12 (07) 470-474
• 2 Hyakusoku H, Fumiiri M. The square flap method. Br J Plast Surg 1987; 40 (01) 40-46
• 3 Hyakusoku H, Okubo M, Umeda T, Fumiiri M. A prefabricated hair-bearing island flap for lip reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 1987; 40 (01) 37-39
• 4 Hyakusoku H. Secondary vascularised hair-bearing island flaps for eyebrow reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 1993; 46 (01) 45-47
• 5 Hyakusoku H, Yoshida H, Okubo M, Hirai T, Fumiiri M. Superficial cervical artery skin flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 86 (01) 33-38
• 6 Hyakusoku H, Takizawa Y, Murakami M, Gao JH, Takekoshi A, Fumiiri M. Versatility of the free or pedicled superficial cervical artery skin flaps in head and neck burns. Burns 1993; 19 (02) 168-173
• 7 Gao JH, Hyakusoku H, Inoue S. , et al. Usefulness of narrow pedicled intercostal cutaneous perforator flap for coverage of the burned hand. Burns 1994; 20 (01) 65-70
• 8 Hyakusoku H, Gao JH. The “super-thin” flap. Br J Plast Surg 1994; 47 (07) 457-464
• 9 Hyakusoku H, Pennington DG, Gao JH. Microvascular augmentation of the super-thin occipito-cervico-dorsal flap. Br J Plast Surg 1994; 47 (07) 465-469
• 10 Hyakusoku H, Yamamoto T, Fumiiri M. The propeller flap method. Br J Plast Surg 1991; 44 (01) 53-54
• 11 Murakami M, Hyakusoku H, Ogawa R. The multilobed propeller flap method. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 116 (02) 599-604
• 12 Koshima I, Soeda S. Inferior epigastric artery skin flaps without rectus abdominis muscle. Br J Plast Surg 1989; 42 (06) 645-648
• 13 Hallock GG. The propeller flap version of the adductor muscle perforator flap for coverage of ischial or trochanteric pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg 2006; 56 (05) 540-542
• 14 Hyakusoku H, Ogawa R, Oki K, Ishii N. The perforator pedicled propeller (PPP) flap method: report of two cases. J Nippon Med Sch 2007; 74 (05) 367-371
• 15 Pignatti M, Ogawa R, Hallock GG. , et al. The “Tokyo” consensus on propeller flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127 (02) 716-722
• 16 Pignatti M, Ogawa R, Mateev M. et al. Our definition of propeller flaps and their classification. Semin Plast Surg 2020; 34 (03) 139-144