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Digestive Disease Interventions 2019; 03(04): 333-336
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700524
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Complex Cloacal Malformations: The Application and Importance of Cloacagrams

Caitlin A. Smith
1   Department of General Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
,
Manish Patel
2   Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
,
Kevin S.H. Koo
3   Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

04 April 2019

29 August 2019

Publication Date:
13 November 2019 (online)

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Erratum: Complex Cloacal Malformations: The Application and Importance of CloacagramsDigestive Disease Interventions 2019; 03(04): 001-001
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710513

Abstract

Cloaca is a rare complex anorectal malformation in female patients where the urinary, gynecologic, and gastrointestinal tracts empty through a single pathway, known as the common channel. Previously, cloacas were measured through endoscopic evaluation alone. In recent years, radiographic imaging of the cloaca with a 3D cloacagram, has been a valuable tool for the characterization of the specific anatomical variables in each cloaca, and provides additional information that is beneficial for the preoperative surgical planning. This article reviews the embryology of cloaca, as well as the classification, noninvasive imaging, cloacagram protocol, and surgical intervention.

Keywords

cloaca - cloacagram - anorectal malformation
 

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