Internet Gaming Disorder – Depression – Prokrastination

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Arbeit: Diskussion der Zusammenhänge zwischen Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) und Prokrastination als maladaptive Strategien zur Emotionskontrolle sowie deren Einfluss auf Depressionen. Methodik: Übersichtsarbeit auf Basis der bekannten Studienergebnisse. Ergebnisse: Die Korrelationen zwischen dem Auftreten von Depressionen und suchtartigem Gebrauch des Internets konnten in zahlreichen Studien nachgewiesen werden. Trotz uneinheitlich verankerter Definition des Begriffs Internetsucht, Internet Gaming Disorder und exzessivem Spielverhalten zeigen sich durchgehend Verbindungen zu Prokrastination und depressiven Symptomen. Prokrastination und IGD können als Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren für Depressionen betrachtet werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Exzessiver Medienkonsum und Prokrastinationsverhalten können als maladaptive Strategie von Patienten mit Depressionen verstanden werden. Unklar bleibt aber inwieweit die Depression als Ursache des exzessiven Medienkonsums angesehen werden kann oder ob sie direkte Folge des hohen Medienkonsums ist. Die Trias aus Depression, IGD und Prokrastination sollte aus diesem Grund weiter untersucht werden.

Summary

Objective: The article explores the concepts of IGD and procrastination and examines the relationship between these maladaptive strategies and depression. Methods: A literature search was performed to review of the concept of procrastination and IGD in combination with depression. Results: The excessive use of the internet is strongly related to patterns of procrastination and depression. Though, there is still the problem of different definitions of internet addiction, IGD and excessive use of the internet in literature, there is evidence for strong correlation between IGD, procrastination and depression. IGD and procrastination act as vulnerability factors of depression. Conclusions: Excessive use of the internet is a phenomenon that has gained considerable attention among practitioners. In summary, there is still missing evidence for the nature of the relationship between depression, IGD and procrastination. The comorbidity and underlying pathologies between this trias needs greater investigation. Clinical relevance: Treatment should be planned in accordance with the needs of the unique client. It seems, that especially with depressed patients questions about media usage should be included in psychiatric examination.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - Abwehrmechanismus - Prokrastination - Internet - Vermeidungsverhalten

Keywords

Depression - defense mechanisms - procrastination - internet - avoidance learning

• Literatur

• 1 Young KS. Internet Addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder.. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 1998; 1 (03) 237-244
• 2 Ha J H, Kim SY, Bae SC. et al. Depression and Internet addiction in adolescents.. Psychopathology 2007; 40: 424-430
• 3 Young KS, Rogers RC. The relationship between depression and Internet addiction.. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998; 1: 25-28
• 4 Flett GL. et al. Procrastination, negative self-evaluation and stress in depression and anxiety: A review and preliminary model.. In: Ferrari JR, Johnson JW, McCown WG. (eds.). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, researchand treatment New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1995
• 5 Ellis A, Knaus W J. Overcoming procrastination.. New York: Institute for Rational Living; 1977
• 6 Steel P. The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential selfregulatory failure.. Psychological Bulletin 2007; 133 (01) 65
• 7 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fifth ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013
• 8 Gaming disorder (ICD-11 Beta Draft).. http://apps.who.int/classifications/
• 9 Gentile DA, Choo H, Liau A. et al. Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study.. Pediatrics 2011 DOI: 10.1542/peds. 2010–1353.
• 10 Wu H, Lin D, Gu R, Zhu X, Liu X. The procrastinators want it now: behavioral and event-related potential evidence of the procrastination of intertemporal choices.. Brain Cog 2016; 107: 16-23
• 11 Li CS, Chen SH. Obsessive-compulsiveness and impulsivity in a non-clinical population of adolescent males and females.. Psychiatry Res 2007; 149: 129-138
• 12 Ferrari JR. Still procrastinating: The no regrets guide to getting it done.. Hoboken, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 2010
• 13 te Wildt Bt, Putzig I, Zedler M, Ohlmeier DO. Internet Dependency as a Symptom of Depressive Mood Disorders.. Psychiat Prax 2007; 34 (Suppl. 03) S318-S322
• 14 Hautzinger M, Bailer M, Worall H, Keller F. Becks Depressions-Inventar Testhandbuch (2.ed). 1995
• 15 Franke G. SCL-90-R. Die Symptomcheckliste von Derogatis- Deutsche Version.. Weinheim: Beltz; 1994
• 16 Shapira NA, Goldsmith TD, Keck PE, Khosla UM, McElroy SL. Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use.. Journal of Affective Disorders 2000; 57: 267-272
• 17 Garzon-Umerenkova A, de la Fuente J, Amate J, Paoloni PV, Fadda S, Perez JF. A linear empirical model of self-regulation on flourishing, health, procrastination and achievement among university students.. Front Psychol 2018; 9: 536
• 18 Sung M, Shin YM, Cho SM. Factor structure of the Internet Addiction Scale and its associations with psychiatric symptoms for Korean adolescents. Community Ment.. Health J 2014; 50: 612-618
• 19 Kim NR, Choi SS, Kim JS, Demetrovics Z, Kiraly O. et al. Characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of internet gaming disorder among adults using self-reported DSM-5 criteria.. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13: 58-66
• 20 Beutel ME, Klein EM, Aufenanger S, BrÄhler E, Dreier M, Müller KW, Quiring O, Reinecke L, Schmutzer G, Stark B, Wölfing K. Procrastination, distress and life satisfaction across the Age Range- A German Representative Community Study.. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0148054
• 21 Li BJ, Friston K, Mody M. et al. A brain network model for depression: From symptom understanding to disease intervention.. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018 Jun 21. doi: 10.1111/cns.12998.
• 22 Brand M, Young KS, Laier C. Prefrontal control and internet addiction: A theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings.. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8: 1-13
• 23 Rabin LA. et al. Academic procrastination in college students: The role of self reported executive function.. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsycholog 2011; 33 (03) 344
• 24 Wölfing, Jo, Bengesser, Beutel, Müller; Computerspiel und Internetsucht, Ein kognitiv-behaviorales Behandlungsmanual.. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer; 2012
• 25 Linehan MM. Cognitive-behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder.. New York: Guilford Press; 1993
• 26 Ritschel A, Lim N, Stewart M. Transdiagnostic applications of DBT for adolescents and adults.. Am J Psychother 2015; 69 (02) 111-28
• 27 Reicherzer M. Depressive Störungen. Differentielle Behandlung mit Skillstraining und Psychoedukation.. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2017
• 28 Winkler A, Dörsing B, Rief W. et al. Treatment of internet addiction: A meta-analysis.. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33: 317-329