Hyperlipoproteinämie und Hyperfibrinogenämie

Zusammenfassung

In der Northwick-Park-Heart-Studie konnte erstmals für Individuen mit erhöhten Fibrinogenwerten und erhöhter Faktor-VII-Aktivität eine signifikant erhöhte Inzidenz an koronarer Herzkrankheit nachgewiesen werden. Zwischen Fibrinogenwerten und Cholesterin- wie auch Triglyzeridwerten ließ sich eine signifikante Korrelation berechnen. Bei Patienten mit Hypercholesterinämie wurden erhöhte Fibrinogenwerte, ein vermindertes Fibrinolysepotential und eine vermehrte Thrombozytenaggregationsneigung nachgewiesen. Die Atherogenität des Fibrinogens wird auf eine gesteigerte Proliferationsrate der glatten Gefäßmuskulatur, eine vermehrte Gefäßwandakkumulation des Fibrinogens sowie eine erhöhte Gerinnungsneigung mit abnorm veränderter Blutrheologie zurückgeführt. Hyperlipidämie und Hyperfibrinogenämie können bei der koronaren Herzkrankheit zu einer myokardialen Mikrozirkulationsstörung führen.

Schlüsselwörter

Hyperlipoproteinämie - Hyperfibrinogenämie - Myokardischämie

Key words

Hyperlipoproteinemia - hyperfibrinogenemia - myocardial ischemia

• LITERATUR

• 1 Allen DR, Browse NL, Ruth DL. Effects of cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide and nicotine in the uptake of fibrinogen by the canine arterial wall. Atherosclerosis 1989; 61: 81.
• 2 Aimer LO, Kjellström T. The fibrinolytic system and coagulation during bezafibrate treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis 1986; 61: 81.
• 3 Andersen P, Arnesen H, Hjermann J. Hyperlipoproteinaemia and reduced fibrinolytic activity in healthy coronary high-risk men. Acta Medica Scand 1981; 209: 199-202.
• 4 Balleisen L, Schulte H, Assmann G, Epping PH, van de Loo J. Coagulation factors and the progress of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1987; II: 461-2.
• 5 Broadhurst P, Kellener C, Hughes L, Imeson JD, Raffery EB. Fibrinogen, factor VII clotting activity and coronary artery disease severity. Atherosclerosis 1990; 85: 169-73.
• 6 Bruckert E, De Sousa JC, Giral P, Soria C, Chapman MJ, Caen J, de Genues JL. Interrelationship of plasma triglyceride and coagulant factor VII levels in normotriglyceridemic hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1989; 75: 129-34.
• 7 Carvallo ACA, Colman RW, Lees RS. Platelet function in hyperlipoproteinemia. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 434-8.
• 8 Cederblad G, Korsan-Bengtsen K. Effect of clofibrate on plasma proteins including components of the hemostatic mechanism. Clin Clim Acta 1976; 66: 9-17.
• 9 Chakrabarti R, Fearnley GR. Effects of clofibrate on fibrinolysis, platelet stickiness, plasma-fibrinogen, and serum-cholesterol. Lancet 1968; II: 1007-9.
• 10 Dembinska-Kiec A, Kostka-Trabka E, Grodzinska L, Bieron K, Kedziör A, Basista M, Zmuda A, Trabka E, Slawinski M, Czarnecka H. Wirksamkeit von Etofibrat bei Arteriosclerosis obliterans. Fortschr Med 1989; 107: 450-2.
• 11 De Sousa JC, Soria C, Ayrault-Jarrier M, Pastier D, Bruckert E, Amiral J, Bereziat G, Caen JP. Association between coagulation factor VII and X with triglyceride rich lipoproteins. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 940-4.
• 12 Di Minno G, Silver MJ, Carbone AM, Rainone A, Postiglione A, Mancini M. Increased fibrinogen binding to platelets from patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 06: 203-11.
• 13 Dormandy JA, Gutteridge JM, Hoare E, Dormandy TL. Effect of clofibrate on blood viscosity in intermittent claudication. Brit Med J 1974; 04: 259-62.
• 14 Elkeles RS, Chakrabarti R, Vickers M, Stirling Y, Meade TW. Effect of treatment of hyperlipidaemia on haemostatic variables. Br Med J 1980; 281: 973-4.
• 15 Ernst E, Pietsch L, Eisenberg J, Matrai A. Blood rheology in vegetarians. Br J Nutr 1986; 555-8.
• 16 Humphries SE, Cook M, Dubowitz M, Stirling Y, Meade TW. Role of genetic variation at the fibrinogen locus in determination of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Lancet 1987; I: 1452-5.
• 17 Jansson JH, Johansson B, Boman K, Nilsson TW. Hypofibrinolysis in patients with hypertension and elevated cholesterol. J Int Med 1991; 229: 309-16.
• 18 Kadish JL. Fibrin and atherogenesis a hypothesis. Atherosclerosis 1979; 33: 409-13.
• 19 Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ. Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, and risk of cardiovascular disease. Insights from the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1987; 113: 1006-10.
• 20 Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Castelli WP, D’Agostino RB. Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. J Am Med Assoc 1987; 158: 1183-6.
• 21 Kleophas W, Leschke M, Tschöpe D, Martin J, Schauseil S, Schottenfeld Y, Strauer BE, Gries FA. Akute Wirkungen der extrakorporalen LDL-Cholesterin- und Fibrinogen-Elimination auf Blutrheologie und Mikrozirkulation. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1990; 115: 3-7.
• 22 Leschke M, Motz W, Blanke H, Meier M, Kaffarnik H, Strauer BE. Die Wertigkeit Theologischer Parameter als Indikatoren der koronaren Herzkrankheit i,m Vergleich zu Lipidparametern. In: Fortschritte in der kardiovaskulären Hämorheologie. Strauer BE, Ehrly AM, Leschke M. (Hrsg). Münchner Wissenschaftliche Publikationen. 1987: 39.
• 23 Leschke M, Blanke H, Steilwaag M, Motz W, Strauer BE. Hyperfibrinogenämie und pathologische Plasmaviskosität. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1988; 113: 1175-81.
• 24 Leschke M, Höffken H, Schmidtsdorff A, Blanke H, Egbring R, Joseph K, Strauer BE. Einfluß von Fenofibrat auf Fibrinogenkonzentration und Blutfluidität. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1989; 114: 939-44.
• 25 Leschke M, Höffken H, Motz W, Blanke H, Schöbel F, Strauer BE. Chronisch-intermittierende Urokinase-Therapie bei therapierefraktärer Angina pectoris. Dtsch Med Wochenschr (zur Publikation akzeptiert).
• 26 Lowe GDO, McArdle BM, Stromberg P, Lorimer AR, Forbes CD, Prentice CRM. Increased blood viscosity and fibrinolytic inhibitor in type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. Lancet 1982; I: 472-5.
• 27 Lowe GDO, Drummond MM, Third JLHC, Bremner WF, Forbes CD, Prentice CRM, Lawrie TDV. Increased plasma fibrinogen and platelet aggregation in type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. Thromb Haemostas 1980; 42: 1503-7.
• 28 Markowe HLJ, Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, Bulpitt CJ, Meade TW, Stirling Y, Vickers MV, Semmence A. Fibrinogen: a possible link between social class and coronary heart disease. Br Med J 1985; 291: 1312-4.
• 29 Marckmann P, Sandström B, Jespersen J. Effects of total fat content and fatty acid composition in diet on factor VII coagulant activity and blood lipids. Atherosclerosis 1990; 80: 227-33.
• 30 Meade TW, Chakrabarti R, Haines AP, North WRS, Stirling Y, Thompson SG. Haemostatic function and cardiovascular death: early results of a prospective study. Lancet 1980; I: 1050-4.
• 31 Meade TW, Vickers MV, Thompson SG, Stirling Y, Haines AP, Miller GJ. Epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggregability. Br Med J 1985; 290: 428-32.
• 32 Meade TW. The epidemiology of haemostatic and other variables in coronary artery disease. In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Verstraete M, Vermylen J, Lijnen HR, Arnont J. (eds). Leuven: University Press; 1987: 37-60.
• 33 Meade TW, Imeson J, Stirling Y. Effects of changes in smoking and other characteristics on clotting factors and the risk of ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1987; II: 986-8.
• 34 Mitropoulos KA, Esnouf MP, Meade TW. Increased factor VII coagulant activity in the rabbit following diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 1987; 63: 43-52.
• 35 Mitropoulos KA. Hypercoagulability and factor VII in hypertriglyceridemia. Sem Thromb Hemostas 1988; 14: 246-52.
• 36 Naito M, Hayasaki T, Kuzuya M, Funak C, Asai K, Kuzuya F. Effects of fibrinogen and fibrin on the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Atherosclerosis 1990; 83: 9-14.
• 37 Niort G, Bulgarelli A, Cassader M, Pagano G. Effect of short-term treatment with bezafibrate on plasma fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, platelet activation and blood filterability in atherosclerotic hyperfibrinogenemic patients. Atherosclerosis 1988; 71: 113-9.
• 38 Noseda G, Fragioccomo C, Radelli A, Bosisio E, De Fabiani E, Galli G. Effect of etofibrate on platelet function in hyperlipidemic patients. In: Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism. Paoletti R, Kritchevsky E, Holmes ED. (eds). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 1987: 394-8.
• 39 O’Connor NTJ, Cederholm-Williams S, Copper S, Cotter L. Hypercoagulability and coronary artery disease. Br Heart J 1984; 52: 614-6.
• 40 Pickart LR, Thaler M. Free fatty acids and albumin as mediators of thrombin-stimulated fibrinogen synthesis. Am J Physiol 1976; 230: 996-1002.
• 41 Pickart L. Fat metabolism, the fibrinogen/ fibrinolytic system, and blood flow: new potentials for the pharmacological treatment of coronary heart disease. Pharmacology 1981; 23: 271-80.
• 42 Postlethwaite JC, Dormandy JA. Results of ankle systolic pressure measurements in patients with intermittent claudication being treated with clofibrate. Am Surg 1975; 181: 799-802.
• 43 Radack K, Deck C, Huster G. Dietary supplementation with low-dose fish oil lowers fibrinogen levels: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. Ann Int Med 1989; 111: 757-8.
• 44 Schmid-Schönbein H, Rieger H, Fischer T. Blood fluidity as a consequence of red cell fluidity. Flow properties of blood and flow behaviour of blood in vascular disease. Angiology 1980; 31: 301-19.
• 45 Simpson HCR, Mann JJ, Meade TW, Chakrabarti R, Stirling Y, Woolf L. Hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercoagulability. Lancet 1983; I: 786-9.
• 46 Smith EB, Smith RH. Early changes in aortic intima. Atherosclerosis Rev 1979; 01: 119-24.
• 47 Stuart J, George AJ, Davies AJ, Aukland A, Hurlowe RA. Haematological stress syndrome in atherosclerosis. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34: 464-7.
• 48 Sugrue DD, Trayner I, Thompson GR, Vere VJ, Dimeson J, Stirling Y, Meade TW. Coronary artery disease and haemostatic variables in heterozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia. Br Heart J 1985; 53: 265-8.
• 49 Vincent JE, Zijlstra FJ. Nicotinic acid inhibits thromboxane synthesis in platelets. Prostaglandins 1978; 15: 629-36.
• 50 Wilhelmsen L, Svärdsudd K, Korsan-Bengsten K, Larsson B, Welin L, Tibblin G. Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 501-5.