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Thromb Haemost 2018; 118(06): 1058-1066
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642635
Stroke, Systemic or Venous Thromboembolism
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

Catheter-Related Arterial Thrombosis in Neonates and Children: A Systematic Review

Mattia Rizzi
1   Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
,
Neil Goldenberg
2   Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital and All Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
,
Mariana Bonduel
3   Laboratorio de Hemostasia y Trombosis, Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
,
Shoshana Revel-Vilk
4   Department of Pediatric, Hematology/Oncology, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
,
Ernest Amankwah
5   Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
,
Manuela Albisetti
6   Division of Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
› Author Affiliations
Funding None.
Further Information

Publication History

19 October 2017

14 March 2018

Publication Date:
25 April 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Catheter-related arterial thrombosis (CAT) is increasingly recognized in children. Available data are scarce and based on expert opinions. This systematic review aimed to identify knowledge on paediatric CAT. Among 3,484 publications, 22 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen reported on CAT due to umbilical arterial catheter (UAC), two to extremity indwelling catheter (EIC), one to both and five to cardiac catheter (CC). The overall cumulative incidence of CAT was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13–31) with a relative incidence of 20% (95% CI, 10–33) for UAC and 11% (95% CI, 3–21) for CC-related CAT. The incidence of EIC-related CAT ranged from 3.4 to 63%. Clinical presentation of CAT included symptoms of acute limb ischaemia (79%, 95% CI, 54–97), arterial hypertension (55%, 95% CI, 23–86) and congestive heart failure (28%, 95% CI, 7–53). Underlying conditions of UAC-related CAT included prematurity (70%, 95% CI, 31–98), respiratory distress syndrome (56%, 95% CI, 46–65), asphyxia (41%, 95% CI, 15–69), infection (32%, 95% CI, 13–55), persistent ductus arteriosus (28%, 95% CI, 13–45), meconium aspiration (16%, 95% CI, 8–25) and congenital heart disease (9%, 95% CI, 2–19). Congenital heart disease was the likely condition in EIC- and CC-related CAT. Antithrombotic treatment included thrombolysis (71%, 95% CI, 47–91), heparin (70%, 95% CI, 41–94) and thrombectomy (46%, 95% CI, 10–95) alone or in combination. Complete resolution rate of CAT was 82% (95% CI, 65–96). Long-term complications included arterial hypertension (26%, 95% CI, 0–66) and limb amputation (12%, 95% CI, 1–31). The overall all-cause mortality rate was 7% (95% CI, 2–14). In conclusion, CAT occurs at an increased incidence in neonates and children and is potentially associated with poor outcome. However, limited data are available on paediatric CAT. This systematic review identifies the rationale for further studies on CAT in paediatric patients.

Keywords

paediatrics - thromboembolism - congenital heart disease

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