Die Assoziation von Allergien und psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

In der Fachliteratur werden verschiedene Zusammenhänge zwischen psychischen und allergischen Erkrankungen postuliert. So werden Verhaltensstörungen in der Kindheit als Risikofaktor diskutiert, im Erwachsenenalter ein Asthma bronchiale zu entwickeln. Zudem zeigen Studien, dass Asthmapatienten häufiger an Angststörungen und Depressionen leiden. Auch atopische Dermatitis und allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis stehen mit verschiedenen psychischen Störungen wie Depressionen, Angststörungen und hyperkinetischen Störungen im Zusammenhang.

Obwohl sportliche Betätigung Asthmaanfälle hervorrufen und Leistungssport Asthmaerkrankungen induzieren kann, wird Sport ein positiver Einfluss auf asthmatische Erkrankungen und allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis zugeschrieben. Auf atopische Dermatitis kann sich sportliche Betätigung durch vermehrtes Schwitzen negativ auswirken. In Bezug auf psychische Erkrankungen zeigt Sport jedoch positive Wirkungen, vor allem bei depressiven Störungen. Zudem ist auch der sozioökonomische Status der Patienten ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor bei der Entstehung von psychischen und allergischen Krankheiten.

Summary

Several associations between allergies and mental disorders are being postulated. Behavioural disorders in childhood are a risk factor for developing bronchial asthma in adulthood, and asthma patients are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. Likewise, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhino-conjunctivitis are connected with mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Although physical exercise can induce an asthma attack and competitive sports can cause the onset of bronchial asthma, exercise is considered to have a positive effect on allergies and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Concerning atopic dermatitis, physical activity may have a negative effect caused by increased sweating. However, exercise has a positive impact on mental disorders, especially on depression. The patients´ socioeconomic status has an influence on allergic and mental disorders as well.

Schlüsselwörter

Allergie - psychische Erkrankung - Sport - sozioökonomischer Status

Keywords

Allergy - mental disorder - exercise - socioeconomic status

• Literatur

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