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DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629398
Emotionale Störung mit Trennungsangst im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Separation anxiety disorder in children and adolescentsPublication History
Eingereicht am: 19 September 2016
angenommen am: 23 September 2016
Publication Date:
24 January 2018 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die Störung mit Trennungsangst geht über entwicklungsphasentypische, vorübergehende Ängste in Trennungssituationen („Fremdeln“) hinaus und äußert sich bspw. durch Vermeidungsverhalten, somatische Beschwerden oder ängstliche Kognitionen in Trennungssituationen. Angesichts der hohen Prävalenz der Störung mit Trennungsangst im Kindesalter sowie deren Persistenz und Rolle als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung weiterer psychischer Erkrankungen im Erwachsenen-alter, ist eine frühzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung der Störung notwendig. Hier kommt Pädiatern als erste Anlaufstelle von Eltern eine wichtige Rolle zu. Als Voraussetzung für eine adäquate Behandlung sollte eine multimodale Diagnostik (u. a. klinisches Interview, Fragebögen, Verhaltensbeobachtung, somatische Differenzialdiagnostik) erfolgen. Bei Bestehen einer Störung mit Trennungsangst, liegt mit der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ein umfangreich geprüftes und nachhaltig wirksames Therapieverfahren vor, dessen Kernelement die Konfrontation mit den angstauslösenden Situationen ist.
Summary
Separation anxiety disorder goes beyond the scope of ‚normal‘ anxiety in young children, which is part of the developmental process and usually transitory (e. g. stranger anxiety). Its manifestations include avoidance behavior, physical complaints, and anxious cognitions in anticipation of, or during separation. Due to the high prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in children, as well as its persistence and role as a significant risk factor for the development of mental disorders in adulthood, early recognition and treatment of separation anxiety disorder is vital. As pediatricians are usually the first to encounter children with psychological problems, they play an important role in this process. The diagnostic procedures should be multimodal (e. g. clinical interview, questionnaires, behavior observation, somatic differential diagnosis). If the diagnostic criteria for separation anxiety disorder are met, cognitive behavioral therapy is a well-researched approach with long-lasting effects. Its core element is exposure to anxiety-inducing situations.
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