Soziale Angst und Unsicherheit im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenzangaben der sozialen Ängstlichkeit im Kindesalter sind sehr heterogen. Einigkeit besteht hinsichtlich der hohen Anzahl an komorbiden Störungen und der langfristigen Auswirkungen. Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zeigt, dass der Verhaltenshemmung im Kleinkindalter große Bedeutung bei der Entstehung sozialer Ängstlichkeit zukommt. Auch das Erziehungsverhalten der Eltern, wie ein überfürsorglicher Erziehungsstil, steht im Zusammenhang mit der Störungsätiologie. Es zeigt sich, dass beide Risikofaktoren interagieren. Im diagnostischen Prozess ist sowohl auf eine multimodale als auch multimethodale Erfassung der Symptome zu achten. Forschungsergebnisse zur Therapie von Angststörungen allgemein sowie zur sozialen Angst im Kindesalter werden zusammengefasst. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie sowie die Behandlung durch selektive Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI) die größten Effekte erzielen.

Summary

Reported prevalence rates of social anxiety in childhood are quite heterogenous. However, there is general agreement in respect to the high comorbidity of other disorders and the adverse longterm effects. Current research shows that behavioral inhibition in infancy has a significant influence on the development of social anxiety. Certain parental attributes, such as an overly protective parenting style, also are relevant in the formation of the disorder. Furthermore, both of these risk factors also appear to interact with each other. In the diagnostical process it is important to follow a multimodal as well as a multimethodal approach to assess the symptoms. Research findings with regards to the therapy of anxiety disorders in general and social anxiety in childhood in particular are being summarized. It turns out that cognitive behavioral therapy and treatment with selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) provide the best results.

Schlüsselwörter

Soziale Angst - Kindheit - Entwicklungspsychopathologie - kognitive Verhaltenstherapie

Keywords

Social anxiety - childhood - developmental psychopathology - cognitive behavioral therapy

• Literatur

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