Das Restless-Legs-Syndrom: Klinik, Diagnose und Therapie

Zusammenfassung

Das Restless-Legs-Syndrom (RLS) zählt mit einer Prävalenz von 2 bis 10% der erwachsenen Bevölkerung zu den häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen. Das RLS ist eine Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems mit sensiblen und motorischen Beschwerden der Beine, die in Ruhe auftreten, sowie ein Bewegungsdrang, der zu ausgeprägten Schlafstörungen führen kann. Es kommt als idiopathisches RLS oder in Assoziation mit vielen internistischen und neurologischen Erkrankungen vor. Die typische Anamnese und ein unauffälliger neurologischer Untersuchungsbefund beim idiopathischen RLS ermöglichen rasch die Diagnosestellung. Zusätzliche laborchemische und/oder elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um assoziierte Erkrankungen zu erfassen. Hier spielen insbesondere der Ausschluss einer Polyneuropathie, einer Niereninsuffizienz und einer Eisenstoffwechselstörung eine Rolle. Eine Polysomnographie mit der Registrierung von assoziierten Schlafstörungen und den typischen periodischen Beinbewegungen (PLMS) kann die Diagnose in unklaren Fällen unterstützen. Die Therapie besteht in einer symptomatischen Behandlung mit Dopaminergika als Mittel der ersten Wahl.

Summary

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurological disorders with a prevalence of 2 to 10% of the adult population. RLS is a disorder with sensory and motor symptoms of the legs frequently associated with an urge to move and with sleep disturbances. It occurs either as idiopathic RLS or in association with many medical or neurological disorders. The typical history and normal neurological examination lead to the clinical diagnosis. Additional laboratory and/or electrophysiological investigations are usually necessary to exclude associated disorders, such as neuropathy and uremia. Polysomnography supports the diagnosis of RLS by documenting the associated sleep disturbances and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). The primary treatment of RLS is largely symptomatic and quite effective with dopaminergic drugs.

Schlüsselwörter

Restless-Legs-Syndrom - periodische Beinbewegungen im Schlaf (PLMS) - Dopaminergika

Keywords

Restless legs syndrome - periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) - dopaminergic drugs

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