Chronischer Stress und seine Bedeutung für Adipositas

Zusammenfassung

Stress ist eine normale Reaktion auf unterschiedliche Belastungen und Reize. Er wird immer dann als Belastung erlebt, wenn die Anforderungen subjektiv die Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten des Individuums übersteigen. Die physiologische Wirkweise insbesondere chronischer Stressoren steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der auch bei einer Adipositaserkrankung bedeutsamen Regulation von Appetit und Energieaufnahme. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die Abweichungen in der Kortisolausschüttung sowohl Ursache als auch Folge der Adipositas sind. Chronische Stressoren bei Adipositas sind vielfältig und beinhalten psychosoziale Folgen. So zeigt sich, dass Menschen mit Adipositas nicht nur mit Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung durch ihre Umwelt konfrontiert sind, sondern auch über innere Stressoren, wie ein negatives Körperbild verfügen können. Zusätzlich können auch die Lebensbedingungen, wie z.B. im Rahmen von niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status, als Form chronischen Stress betrachtet werden. Diese chronischen Stressoren stellen nicht nur auslösende, sondern auch aufrechterhaltende Bedingungen dar. Im Rahmen der individualisierten Behandlung von Adipositas sind diese daher zu beachten.

Summary

Stress reflects a normal reaction to adverse events and demands on the individual. It is perceived negatively, when coping mechanisms are not available to the individual on a subjective level. The physiological effect of chronic stress is closely related to appetite and energy intake and thus to obesity. There is evidence that the role of cortisol is relevant in incidence but also persistence of obesity. Chronic stressors in obesity can be found among its psychosocial consequences. People with obesity are not only faced with stigmatization by their environment, but also often have to deal with internal stressors, such as a negative body image. Additionally, life circumstances can be perceived as chronic stressors. A low socio-economic status and associated food insecurity are associated to obesity as well. These chronic stressors are antecedents but also precedents of obesity. They need to be assessed in detail when thinking of an individualized treatment of obesity.

Schlüsselwörter

Chronischer Stress - Adipositas - Body Image - Stigma - SES

Keywords

Chronic stress - obesity - body image - stigma - ses

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