Bedeutung der Spurenelemente Zink und Eisen bei der Gebärparese des Rindes

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie war, die Zink(Zn)- und Eisen(Fe)-Konzentrationen sowie Beziehungen zu Stoffwechselparametern bei festliegenden Kühen zu analysieren. Material und Methoden: Festliegende und klinisch gesunde Fleckviehkühe wurden in fünf Gruppen eingeteilt: a) Kontrollgruppe (KG, n = 21), b) Gebärparese(GP)-Kühe gesamt (n = 174), c) GP-Kühe ohne Zusatzkrankheiten (n = 145), d) GP-Kühe mit Mastitis (n = 10), e) GP-Kühe mit Retentio secundinarum oder postpartaler Endometritis (n = 19). Die Blutserumanalyse umfasste folgende Parameter: Selen (Se), Zn, Fe, Mangan (Mn), Kupfer (Cu), Kalzium (Ca), anorganisches Phosphat (Pi), Magnesium (Mg), Kalium (K), Tumornekrosefaktor α (TNFα), Haptoglobin (Hp), Antioxidanzien (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity, TEAC), Protein, Albumin, freie Fettsäuren (FFS), Beta-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB), Bilirubin, Harnstoff, Kreatinin, Glukose, Cholesterol, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) und alkalische Phosphatase (AP). Ergebnisse: Die Konzentrationen von Zn, Fe, Ca, Pi und TEAC waren bei allen festliegenden Kühen niedriger, die von Hp höher als in der KG (p 0,05). In Gruppe c) lagen Ca- und Pi-Konzentration niedriger als in den Gruppen d) und e) (p 0,05). In Gruppe e) wurde eine signifikant geringere Zn-Konzentration bestimmt als in Gruppe c) (p 0,05). Zn korrelierte negativ mit K (KG), positiv mit TEAC, Cu, Mn und Fe (Gruppe b und c) und Mn (Gruppe e) (p 0,05). Fe korrelierte gesichert positiv mit Ca (Gruppe c), mit Pi (Gruppe c), mit K (Gruppe b und c), mit Mg (Gruppen b–d) sowie mit Zn, Cu und Se (Gruppe b und c) (p 0,05). TNFα war in den Gruppen b) und c) erhöht und korrelierte negativ mit Fe (p 0,05). Die Aktivität der AP war in den Gruppen b) und e) niedriger als in der KG (p 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Die Resultate und Literaturberichte befürworten die Hypothese, dass Zn und Fe unmittelbar den Knochenstoffwechsel beeinflussen und in die Pathogenese der GP involviert sein können. Die Hp- und TEAC-Konzentrationen unterstützen diese Interpretation. Die Kontrolle des Zn- und des Fe-Status der Kühe und die Supplementation von Zn sollten in die Prävention und erweiterte Therapie der GP eingeschlossen werden.

Summary

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the concentrations of Zn and Fe as well as their relationships to metabolic parameters in milk fever cows. Material and methods: A total of 195 Simmental cows, downer cows and clinically healthy control animals were divided into five groups: a) control group (CG, n = 21), b) all cows with milk fever (MF) (n = 174), c) MF cows without additional diseases (n = 145), d) cows with MF and mastitis (n = 10) and e) cows with retained placenta or endometritis (n = 19). Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), haptoglobin (Hp), antioxidants (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity: TEAC), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), bilirubin, urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were analysed in the blood serum. Results: The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Ca, Pi and TEAC were lower in groups b) to e) whereas Hp was higher than in the CG (p 0.05). In group c), lower Ca and Pi concentrations were found when compared to groups d) and e) (p 0.05). In group e), Zn concentrations were significantly lower than in group c) (p 0.05). Zn was negatively correlated with K (CG) and positively correlated with TEAC, Cu, Mn and Fe (groups b and c) and with Mn (group e) (p 0.05). Fe was positively correlated with Ca (group c), Pi (group c), K (groups b and c) and Mg (groups b–d) as well as with Zn, Cu and Se (groups b and c) (p 0.05). In groups b) and c), TNFα was increased and negatively correlated with Fe (p 0.05). AP activity in groups b) and e) was lower than in the CG (p 0.05). Conclusion: These results and literature data support the hypothesis that Zn and Fe could be engaged in bone metabolism and be involved in the pathogenesis of MF. The concentrations of Hp and TEAC support this interpretation. Control of the Zn and Fe status of cows and Zn supplementation should be included in the prevention and advanced therapy of MF.

Schlüsselwörter

Milchkuh - Festliegen - Kalzium - Spurenelemente - Knochen - TNFα - IGF-1 - Stoffwechselparameter

Key words

Dairy cow - parturient paresis - downer cow - calcium - trace elements - bone - TNFα - IGF-1 - metabolic parameters

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