Neurodegeneration und Sarkopenie

Zusammenfassung

Es gibt zunehmend Hinweise, dass die Neurodegeneration eine eigenständige Ursache in der Genese der Sarkopenie darstellt. Die hier vorgenommene Trennung zwischen neurodegenerativen Ursachen des peripheren bzw. zentralen Nervensystems scheint eher von theoretischer Natur, v. a. wenn man die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen von Caviness et al. zu Motoneuronenverlust und Parkinson-Syndrom berücksichtigt. Bereits im Jahre 1995 hat Uitti et al. ein neurodegeneratives Overlap-Syndrom aus Motoneuronenerkrankungen, Alzheimer-Demenz und Parkinson-Syndrom beschrieben (20). Wahrscheinlich muss diese Vorstellung um die Sarkopenie erweitert werden.

Summary

It seems that neurodegeneration plays a role in the onset of sarcopenia. A separation of causes of the peripheral versus the central nervous system on sarcopenia appears to be theoretical, especially in the light of findings, reporting about motor neuron loss and parkinsonism simultaneously. Already in 1995 it was stated that there is a neurodegenerative overlap syndrome, consisting of motor neuron disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome. Maybe this trilogy has to be expanded by sarcopenia.

Schlüsselwörter

Sarkopenie - Neurodegeneration - neurodegeneratives Overlap-Syndrom

Keywords

Sarcopenia - neurodegeneration - neurodegenerative overlap syndrome

• Literatur

• 1 Sugimoto T. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in elderly subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 13 (06) 718-726.
• 2 Burns JM, Johnson DK, Watts A. et al. Reduced lean mass in early Alzheimer disease and its association with brain atrophy. Arch Neurol 2010; 67 (04) 428-433.
• 3 Burns JM. et al. Peripheral insulin and brain structure in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2007; 69 (11) 1094-1104.
• 4 Doherty TJ. Invited review: Aging and sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol 2003; 95 (04) 1717-1727.
• 5 Cesari M. et al. Inflammatory markers and physical performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004; 59 (03) 242-248.
• 6 Scalzo P, Kümmer A, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL. Serum levels of interleukin-6 are elevated in patients with Parkinson’s disease and correlate with physical performance. Neurosci Lett 2010; 468 (01) 56-58.
• 7 Barichella M. et al. Sarcopenia and Dynapenia in Patients With Parkinsonism. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17 (07) 640-646.
• 8 Campbell MJ, McComas AJ, Petito F. Physiological changes in ageing muscles. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1973; 36 (02) 174-182.
• 9 Drey M, Grösch C, Neuwirth C. et al. The Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) in sarcopenic patients. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48 (04) 381-384.
• 10 Drey M, Krieger B, Sieber CC. et al. Motoneuron loss is associated with sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15 (06) 435-439.
• 11 Drey M. et al. C-terminal Agrin Fragment as a potential marker for sarcopenia caused by degeneration of the neuromuscular junction. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48 (01) 76-80.
• 12 Caviness JN. et al. Motor unit number estimates in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Park Relat Disord 2002; 08 (03) 161-164.
• 13 Wu H, Xiong WC, Mei L. To build a synapse: signaling pathways in neuromuscular junction assembly. 2010; 1033: 1017-1033.
• 14 Bezakova G, Ruegg MA. New insights into the roles of agrin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003; 04 (04) 295-308.
• 15 Stephan A. et al. Neurotrypsin cleaves agrin locally at the synapse. FASEB J 2008; 22 (06) 1861-1873.
• 16 Bütikofer L, Zurlinden A, Bolliger MF. et al. Destabilization of the neuromuscular junction by proteolytic cleavage of agrin results in precocious sarcopenia. FASEB J 2011; 25 (12) 4378-4393.
• 17 Hettwer S. et al. Injection of a soluble fragment of neural agrin (NT-1654) considerably improves the muscle pathology caused by the disassembly of the neuromuscular junction. PLoS One 2014; 09 (02) e88739.
• 18 Steubl D. et al. Plasma total C-terminal agrin fragment (tCAF) as a marker for kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 54 (09) 1487-1495.
• 19 Landi F. et al. Serum levels of C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) are associated with sarcopenia in older multimorbid community-dwellers: Results from the ilSIRENTE study. Exp Gerontol 2016; 79: 31-36.
• 20 Uitti RJ. et al. Neurodegenerative ‘overlap’ syndrome: Clinical and pathological features of Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 1995; 01 (01) 21-34.