Gelenkrheuma im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten 15 Jahren hat es wesentliche Fortschritte auf kinderrheumatologischem Gebiet gegeben, die Verbesserungen in der Klassifikation und Behandlung der chronischen Arthritis, der häufigsten chronischentzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankung im Kindesalter, einschließen. Die klinisch hetero-gene Gruppe der Arthritiden unklarer Genese mit Beginn vor dem 16. Lebensjahr wird heute unter dem Begriff juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (JIA) subsumiert. Die JIA umfasst verschiedene Erkrankungsgruppen, die sich in ihrer klinischen Präsentation, ihrem Verlauf so-wie z. T. genetischen Hintergrund voneinander unterscheiden. Ihre Behandlungsmöglichkeiten haben sich vor allem durch die Einfüh-rung biologischer Medikamente deutlich verbessert. Dennoch birgt die JIA nach wie vor eine erhebliche Morbidität. Eine frühzeitige Erkennung und fachgerechte Therapie der JIA ist erforderlich, um potenzielle Folgeerscheinun-gen, wie z. B. Gelenkdestruktionen mit begleitendem Funktionsverlust, Sehkraftminderun-gen infolge Uveitis oder Wachstumsstörun-gen, zu vermeiden.

Summary

There have been major advances in the field of paediatric rheumatology over the last 15 years, which have included improvements in the classification and management of chronic arthritis, the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children and adolescents. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the new term that describes a clinically heterogeneous group of the arthritides of unknown cause, which begins before 16 years of age. The term JIA encompasses several disease categories, which differ in their clinical signs and symptoms, disease course, and, in some cases, genetic background. The treatment options of JIA have dramatically improved, particularly by the introduction of new drugs such as anticytokine agents. JIA nevertheless still carries a high risk of morbidity. An early recognition and a professional therapy of this illness are necessary to avoid potential disease consequences, such as joint destructions with accompanying loss of function, visual loss due to uveitis or growth disturbances.

Schlüsselwörter

Juvenile idiopathische Arthritis - JIA-Subgrup-pen - Oligoarthritis

Keywords

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - JIA-subgroups - ILAR - oligoarthritis

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