Die Verbindung von Muskel und Knochen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des höheren Lebens alters

Zusammenfassung

Der altersabhängige Verlust von Muskelmasse mit gleichzeitiger Reduktion von Muskelkraft, Muskelspannung und Funktion ist häufig in einem direkten Zusammenhang mit einer veränderten Knochenstruktur und einem zunehmenden Abfall der Knochendichte zu beobachten. Die intensive Kommunikation zwischen Muskel und Knochen findet zum einen ihren Ausdruck im mechanischen Kraftspiel von Muskel und Knochen und zum anderen in der endokrinen wechselseitigen Stimulierung des Muskel-Knochen-Stoffwechsels. Von der Muskelzelle ausgehende anabole und katabole Myokine, wie Myostatin, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, Osteonectin, Irisin und das bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-1 können den Knochenstoffwechsel in ihrem Sinne beeinflussen. Der Knochen ist durch Sekretion von Fibroblasten Growth Factor (FGF)-23, Sklerostin und Osteokalzin in der Lage, die Muskelzelle zu stimulieren. Auch das Vitamin D kann durch die Stimulierung der Rezeptoren in der Knochen- und Muskelzelle positive anabole Wirkungen auf die Einheit von Muskel und Knochen ausüben. Neben der durch muskuläres Training bedingten Verbesserung der körperlichen Kraft und der Knochenstruktur liegt es nahe, durch gezielte Beeinflussung des Muskel-Knochen-Stoffwechsels der Entwicklung einer Sarkopenie vorzubeugen.

Summary

The age-related loss of muscle mass with simultaneous reduction of muscle power, muscle strain and function is frequently observed in direct coherence with modified bone formation and increasing decline in bone density. The intensive communication between muscle and bone resonates in mechanical power play between these patterns and in the endocrine interactive stimulations oft the muscle-bone metabolism. Anabol and katabol myokines extinguished from the muscle cells like myostatin, Insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1, osteonectin, Irisin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-1 interact with the bone metabolism in its own way. Through secretion of FGF23, Sclerostin and Osteocalcin the bone is equally able to stimulate muscle cells. Also vitamin D has a positive impact on muscle and bone with an anabolic effect by receptor stimulation in muscle and bone cells. In addition to the improvement of muscle strength and bone structure through exercise it is obvious that the development of sarkopenia can be prevented via selective impact to the muscle-bone metabolism.

Schlüsselwörter

Muskel - Knochen - Sarkopenie - Frailty

Keywords

Muscle - bone - sarcopenia - frailty

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