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DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617903
Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik im Kindesalter
Lung function testing in childrenPublication History
Eingegangen:
14 February 2006
angenommen:
06 March 2006
Publication Date:
11 January 2018 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die Messung der Lungenfunktion ist ein essenzieller Bestandteil in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Kindern mit Lungenerkrankungen. Die Spirometrie ist das in der täglichen Praxis am häufigsten verwendete Messverfahren. Für ältere Schulkinder gelten die internationalen Richtlinien zur Durchführung und Bewertung der Spirometrie. Auch vor dem Schulalter können wenigstens 60 bis 80% der Kinder eine verwertbare Lungenfunktionsmessung durchführen. Allerdings müssen andere Kriterien zur Beurteilung herangezogen werden. Vor allem der Mangel an geeigneten Referenzwerten erschwert die Interpretation der Ergebnisse. Die Spirometrie allein erlaubt bereits eine orientierende Einteilung in obstruktive und/oder restriktive Ventilationsstörungen, sowie eine Beurteilung des Ausmaßes der Veränderungen. Aufwändigere Techniken wie die Ganzkörperplethysmogrphie erlauben eine differenziertere Beurteilung der Ventilationsstörungen. Andere Verfahren wie die Verschlussdrucktechnik und die Impulsoszillometrie sind durch eine hohe Variabilität in ihrer Wertigkeit eingeschränkt.
Summary
Assessment of lung function is an integral part of the diagnostic work up in children with suspected pulmonary disease. Spirometry is the most commonly applied test of lung function in older children and adults. Standard criteria have been developed for performing and interpreting such measurements. Approximately 60 to 80% of preschool children from about 3 years of age will be able to successfully perform forced expiratory maneuvers. However, special criteria have to be developed for quality control in this age group. In addition, interpretation is limited due to the lack of appropriate reference data. Spirometry alone will help to diagnose obstructive and/or restrictive lung disease. More complex techniques such as whole body plethysmography are necessary to further differentiate the underlying pathophysiology. Alternative techniques such as interrupter resistance or impulse oscillometry are of limited use because of their high inter- and intra-individual variability.
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