Protective effects of soy-isoflavones in cardiovascular disease

Summary

Epidemiological studies indicate that the consumption of soy-containing food may prevent or slow-down the development of cardiovascular disease. In endothelial cells application of a soy extract or a combination of the most abundant soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein both inhibited apoptosis, a driving force in atherosclerosis development, when applied in combination with oxidized LDL or homocysteine. Proteome analysis revealed that the stressorinduced alteration of protein expression profile was reversed by the soy extract or the genistein/daidzein mixture. Only few protein entities that could be functionally linked to mitochondrial dysfunction were regulated in common by both application forms of isoflavones. A dietary intervention with isoflavone-enriched soy extract in postmenopausal women, who generally show strongly increased cardiovascular risk due to diminished estrogen production, led to significant alterations in the steady state levels of proteins from mononuclear blood cells. The proteins identified by proteome analysis revealed that soy isoflavones may increase the anti-inflammatory response in blood mononuclear cells thereby contributing to the atherosclerosispreventive activities of a soy-rich diet. Conclusion: By proteome analysis protein targets were identified in vitro in endothelial cells that respond to soy isoflavones and that may decipher molecular mechanisms through which soy products exert their protective effects in the vasculature.

Zusammenfassung

Epidemiologische Studien weisen auf protektive Effekte einer sojareichen Ernährung gegenüber der Entstehung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen hin. In Endothelzellen bewirkte ein Sojaextrakt und auch die Kombination der beiden quantitativ in Soja bedeutendsten Isoflavone Genistein und Daidzein eine Inhibierung der durch die endothelialen Stressoren Homocystein und oxidiertes LDL induzierten Apoptose. Die Analyse des Proteoms zeigte, dass einige der durch endotheliale Stressoren verursachten Veränderungen in den Spiegeln zellulärer Proteine durch die Soja-Isoflavonoide oder den Extrakt aufgehoben wurden. Proteine, deren Stressor-bedingte Veränderung sowohl durch die isolierten Isoflavonoide als auch den Extrakt verhindert wurden, konnten funktionell mitochondrialen Prozessen zugeordnet werden. Die Intervention mit Isoflavonoid-angereicherten Sojaextrakten in postmenopausalen Frauen, die generell einen deutlichen Anstieg des Risikos kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen aufgrund verminderter Östrogenproduktion aufweisen, belegte die signifikante Veränderung der Spiegel spezifischer Proteine aus mononukleären Zellen des peripheren Blutes. Die Identifizierung dieser Proteine legt nahe, dass die Isoflavonoide die antiinflammatorische Antwort von Leukozyten erhöhen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Proteomanalyse führte zur Identifizierung zellulärer Zielproteine in endothelialen Zellen in vitro und in Leukozyten in vivo. Diese Antworten helfen, molekulare Mechanismen zu beschreiben, durch die Sojaprodukte günstige Effekte in der Prophylaxe kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen entfalten.

Keywords

Isoflavone - cardiovascular disease

Schlüsselwörter

Isoflavonoide - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen

• References

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