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Hamostaseologie 2006; 26(01): 42-47
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1616875
Original article
Schattauer GmbH

Primary haemostasis and its assessment by laboratory tests

Primäre Hämostase und Laborchemie
A. J. Reininger
1   Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin und Hämostaseologie, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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Publication History

Publication Date:
26 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

Platelets constantly patrol the inner surface of blood vessels searching leaks to be sealed, in order to prevent blood loss. When they detect a vessel injury their action can be divided into three phases. Adhesion: The platelets adhere to the injured blood vessel wall via their receptors glycoprotein (GP) Ib and integrin α2bβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa) mediated by the ligands von Willebrand factor (VWF), fibrinogen and others. Aggregation: Platelets stick to each other through fibrinogen bridging integrin α2bβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa) on adjacent platelets. Secretion: During activation the content of platelet granules is released by exocytosis, thus augmenting and propagating formation of a haemostatic plug or thrombus.

Laboratory tests mimic one or several aspects of these three phases to obtain reliable data on a patients platelet function. In this overview assays, test principles, and pitfalls are presented.

Zusammenfassung

Thrombozyten patrouillieren ständig die innere Oberfläche der Blutgefäße auf der Suche nach Lecks, um drohenden Blutverlust zu verhindern. Entdecken sie eine Gefäßverletzung treten sie in Aktion. Man kann dabei drei Phasen unterscheiden: Adhäsion: Die Thrombozyten haften an der verletzten Gefäßwand durch ihre Rezeptoren Glykoprotein (GP) Ib und Integrin α2bβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa), die an den Liganden von Willebrand Faktor (VWF), Fibrinogen und anderen binden. Aggregation: Thrombozyten haften aneinander durch Fibrinogen, das die Integrin α2bβ3 Rezeptoren benachbarter Plättchen miteinander verbindet. Sekretion: Plättchenaktivierung führt zur Exozytose thrombozytärer Granula und Freisetzung des Granulainhaltes. Dadurch wird die Bildung eines hämostatischen Verschlusses oder Thrombus gesteigert und vermehrt. Labor-Tests bilden einen oder mehrere Aspekte dieser drei Phasen nach, um verlässliche Daten zur Thrombozytenfunktion zu erhalten. Diese Übersicht präsentiert Testverfahren, Testprinzipien und Fallstricke.

Keywords

Platelets - adhesion - aggregation - von Willebrand factor

Schlüsselwörter

Thrombozyten - Adhäsion - Aggregation - von-Willebrand- Faktor
 

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