Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung und Depression

Zusammenfassung

Traumatische Ereignisse gehen mit einem erhöhten Risiko zur Entwicklung psychischer Erkrankungen einher. Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) treten häufig mit komorbiden Diagnosen auf, insbesondere depressiven Erkrankungen. In dem Artikel werden die Komorbidität von PTBS und Depression, die Symptomüberlappung sowie therapeutische Möglichkeiten diskutiert.

Patienten, die in Folge eines traumatischen Ereignisses eine Depression oder PTBS entwickeln, haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für die jeweils andere Erkrankung. Eine hohe Symptomüberlappung zwischen beiden Störungsbildern ist zu beachten. Verschiedene Faktoren beeinflussen die Effekte eines traumatischen Ereignisses, z. B. die Art der Traumatisierung, das Alter beim Ereignis, Vorerkrankungen oder psychosoziale Stressoren. Psychologische, neuroendokrine und genetische Faktoren werden als Prädiktoren für die Auswirkungen eines traumatischen Ereignisses diskutiert.

Bei der psychotherapeutischen und pharmakologischen Behandlung sollte die Komorbidität berücksichtigt werden. Allerdings besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf, um die therapeutischen Strategien für Patienten mit komorbiden Störungen zu optimieren.

Summary

Traumatic life events increase the risk of developing a psychiatric disease. Post traumatic stress disorder commonly co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders, particularly depressive disorders. In this paper, we discuss the comorbidity between PTSD and Major Depression, the symptom overlap and therapeutic options.

Patients with traumatic life events who suffer from either PTSD or Major Depression have an increased risk of developing the other disease respectively. However, there is a substantial amount of symptom overlap between both disorders.

Various factors may mediate the effect of a traumatic event, i.e. nature of trauma, age at trauma exposure, pre-existing diseases or psychosocial stress. Furthermore psychological, neuroendocrinological and genetic factors are discussed as predictors of reactions to trauma.

Accurate assessment of comorbidity may be important in determining optimal psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic treatment options for individuals with PTSD. However, further research is needed to optimize treatment outcomes of individuals with comorbid conditions.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - posttraumatische Belastungsstörung - Komorbidität - Symptomüberschneidung

Keywords

Major depression - posttraumatic stress disorder - comorbidity - symptom overlap

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