Abstract
Bleeding is a common and often challenging complication of malignancy. Etiologies
of hemorrhage in this patient population vary, and bleeding may present as an acute,
life-threatening emergency or a chronic, low-volume blood loss. For patients with
advanced malignancies, interventions to manage bleeding must be balanced by the patient's
life expectancy and quality of life. As such, minimally invasive procedures such as
transarterial embolization are useful therapeutic options in appropriately selected
patients. There is a rich history of palliative transarterial embolization for refractory
bleeding in cancer patients. This technique was first applied in the 1970s and has
since become an established treatment tool for malignancy-related bleeding throughout
the body. While the preponderance of published data comprised case reports and small
retrospective studies, the use of embolization continues to expand as experience grows
and techniques are refined. In this review, we summarize the literature and provide
our perspective on embolization for refractory bleeding in cancer patients.
Keywords
embolization - palliative care - hemorrhage - malignancy - interventional radiology
