Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Ilena C. George; Naila Makhani

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604339

Journal of Pediatric Neurology, Table of Contents

Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2018; 16(03): 141-147
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604339

Review Article

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Ilena C. George

¹Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

,

Naila Makhani

²Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Both genetic and environmental risk factors may contribute to risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in children. Genetic risk factors include the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*1501 allele and other non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms. Environmental risk factors include parental smoking, low serum vitamin D levels, and prior exposure to Epstein–Barr virus. Some of these risk factors not only confer increased susceptibility to MS but may also alter the course of the disease. How different risk factors interact is a growing area of research. In this review, we examine the current literature regarding the genetic and environmental risk factors for MS in children.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - children - environmental - genetic

Full Text

References

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