Planta Med 2016; 82(S 01): S1-S381
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1596794
Abstracts
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bioprospecting of cave bacteria with antifungal activity

AC Almeida
1   Agricultural Science Center, Graduate of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná
,
PF Azevedo
2   Agricultural Science Center, Post Graduate of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná
,
RD Marques
2   Agricultural Science Center, Post Graduate of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná
,
ECT Mello-Peixoto
2   Agricultural Science Center, Post Graduate of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná
,
LS Matsumoto
2   Agricultural Science Center, Post Graduate of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná
3   Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Brazil; Rod. BR 369 km 54, 86360000, Bandeirantes, Brazil
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Publikationsdatum:
14. Dezember 2016 (online)

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    Excessive and increasing use of agrochemicals for diseases and pests control in agriculture has caused considerable damage to the environment and human health. Thus, searching for more sustainable agriculture practices is important, and in this regard, bioprospection enables discovering natural products with biocontrol potential [1]. The aim of this study was evaluating the antifungal potential of bacteria isolated from Amazon caves against pathogenic fungi. The bacteria were isolated from cave wall, soil and bat guano at the city of Altamira in Para State, resulting in 49 bacterial isolates, denominated IS1 to IS49. Phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani, were isolated from soybean, bean and cassava respectively. Antagonistic activity of bacterial isolates against these fungi was tested by dual culture on Trypticase Soy Agar medium [2], and zones of inhibition were measured daily for 7 days. Inhibition (%) was compared by ANOVA and treatment means were grouped by Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05). Inhibition higher than 20% was considered as antifungal activity. M. phaseolina was sensitive to 45 isolates (92%), exhibiting inhibitory activity from 33% (IS4) to 57% (IS22) (figure 1-A). Remarking that 49% of bacteria precluded mycelial growth at the fourth day of incubation. S. sclerotiorum was sensitive to 25 isolates (51%), presenting mycelial growth inhibition from 22.55% (IS34) to 56% (IS43) (figure 1-B), of which, 57% stopped mycelial growth at the sixth day of incubation. F. solani was sensitive to 43 isolates (87.8%), varying the inhibitory activity from 23% (IS8) to 45% (IS26) (figure 1-C). Some microorganisms found in cave seem to have evolved for the production of specialized antagonistic biomolecules or toxins [3]. The results obtained show that bacterial isolates with higher inhibition rates have great potential for isolation and identification of active molecules in the control of pathogenic fungi.

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    Fig. 1: Inhibition of the caves bacteria on the Macrophomina phaseolina [A], Sclerotinia sclerotiorum [B] and Fusarium solani [C]

    Acknowledgements: Fundação Araucária.

    Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani.

    References:

    [1] Engel AS. Observations on the biodiversity of sulfidic karst habitats. J Cave Karst Stud 2007; 69: 187 – 206

    [2] Araujo FF, Hungria M, Henning AA. Phytohormones and antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis and their effects on seed pathogenic fungi and on soybean root development. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 21:1639 – 1645

    [3] Barton HA, Northup DE. Geomicrobiology in cave environments: past, current and future perspectives. J Cave Karst Stud 2007; 69: 163 – 178


     

    Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

     
    Zoom
    Fig. 1: Inhibition of the caves bacteria on the Macrophomina phaseolina [A], Sclerotinia sclerotiorum [B] and Fusarium solani [C]