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DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583550
Self-Assessment Questions
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
27. Mai 2016 (online)

This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.
Article One (pp. 145–152)
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            Two major themes from the contributors were - 
                  
                  advances in technology in neuroimaging and genetics research 
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                  the importance of obtaining third-party financial support for therapy 
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                  the development of a clinical doctorate degree focusing on fluency disorders 
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                  increasing the population of board certified clinicians in fluency disorders 
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                  determining children whose stuttering will or will not become chronic 
 
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            Which is not a major concern of the authors about the future of the field? - 
                  
                  Decreases in credit hours associated with courses in fluency disorders 
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                  The decreasing number of doctoral-levels instructors in speech-language pathologist programs 
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                  Tending toward business or corporate models in higher education 
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                  The continuing expansion of the field's scope of practice 
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                  The inability of clinicians to reliably identify/agree on “moments of stuttering” 
 
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            Which of the following are examples of desirable future outcomes? - 
                  
                  Reinstating a minimum number of practicum hours for fluency disorders 
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                  Requiring coursework prior to clinical experience in fluency disorders 
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                  Development of guidelines for telepractice 
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                  Provision of reciprocal state licensure to facilitate telepractice across states 
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                  All the above 
 
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            Which of the following, considered to be important in 1990, is still considered to be important today? - 
                  
                  Finding a cure for stuttering 
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                  Identifying subgroups of stutterers 
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                  Being able to identify surface features of stuttering more reliably 
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                  Changing public perceptions of stuttering 
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                  All of the above 
 
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            Which of the following is not predicted for the future of the field? - 
                  
                  Increased global awareness of stuttering 
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                  Changing views of stuttering as a difference rather than a disability 
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                  Greater understanding about the nature and treatment for covert stuttering 
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                  Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a cure for stuttering 
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                  Selected academic programs that provide a focus on fluency disorders 
 Article Two (pp. 153–157) 
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            Which of the following is true about cognitive-communicative disorders in adults with unilateral right hemisphere brain damage? - 
                  
                  The disorders are homogenous. 
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                  The disorders are multifaceted. 
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                  The disorders are easy to define. 
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                  The disorders have well-established treatments. 
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                  The disorders do not limit patients' lives. 
 
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            Which of the following represents a standard approach to treatment for right hemisphere brain damage cognitive communicative disorders for which other, perhaps better, options are now available? - 
                  
                  Applying a red line to the left side of a page for neglect 
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                  Metalinguistic approaches to language treatment 
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                  “Look to the left” for neglect treatment 
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                  Apps and workbooks 
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                  All of the above 
 
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            Which of the following approaches may hold particular promise for treatment of right hemisphere brain damage cognitive communicative disorders? - 
                  
                  Virtual reality 
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                  Telerehabilitation 
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                  Neuromodulation 
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                  Procedural learning 
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                  All of the above 
 Article Three (pp. 158–165) 
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            Epidemiology research has estimated that individuals with voice disorders miss an average of how many work days/year/person due to their voice problem? - 
                  
                  40 
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                  70 
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                  10 
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                  39.2 
 
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            High-speed videoendoscopy combined with multiarray lasers has been found to - 
                  
                  reveal the three-dimensional movement of the vocal folds in vivo 
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                  have no effect on the voice 
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                  scar the vocal folds 
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                  significantly increase the pitch of the voice 
 
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            One key advancement in the area of voice that is changing how accessible voice therapy services are to individuals with voice disorders living in rural regions without voice specialists is - 
                  
                  telehealth 
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                  biomarker agent-based models 
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                  vocal dose 
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                  imaging 
 Article Four (pp. 166–172) 
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            From now until the year 2050, the number of U.S. adults over the age of 65 years will make up - 
                  
                  10% of the total population 
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                  20% of the total population 
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                  5% of the total population 
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                  33% of the total population 
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                  50% of the total population 
 
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            Information about current evidencebased aphasia therapies can be found - 
                  
                  only in journal publications 
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                  on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website 
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                  only in textbooks 
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                  only on YouTube 
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                  is extremely difficult to find 
 
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            According to the Life Participation Approach for Aphasia and the Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement, it would be appropriate for speech-language pathologists to provide communication training to - 
                  
                  family members 
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                  friends of the person with aphasia 
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                  neighbors of the person with aphasia 
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                  doctors, nurses, and other health care providers 
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                  all of the above 
 
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            Person-centered care means that - 
                  
                  patients should be asked whether they agree with the clinician's recommendations 
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                  clinicians should focus exclusively on the patient, without regard to family members or significant others 
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                  patient values should guide all clinical decisions 
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                  all therapy should be functional 
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                  personally relevant stimuli should be used in all therapy tasks 
 
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            For the last 10 years, the percentage of aphasia patients on the caseload of an average speech-language pathologist working in health care has been - 
                  
                  2% 
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                  10% 
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                  16% 
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                  26% 
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                  52% 
 Article Five (pp. 173–184) 
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            Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation - 
                  
                  is outmoded 
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                  is often delivered through a tracheostomy 
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                  can be delivered through the mouth, nose, or both 
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                  does not yet exist 
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                  causes severe injuries to tracheal mucosa 
 
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            A volume-limited noninvasive positive pressure ventilation system - 
                  
                  cannot deliver more than 1 L of air 
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                  usually delivers pure oxygen to the ventilator user 
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                  delivers air until the pressure reaches a specified maximum target pressure 
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                  begins to deliver air as soon as the pressure reaches a specified minimum target pressure 
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                  delivers a specified volume of air (or high-oxygen gas) 
 
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            Breath-stacking - 
                  
                  means adding one breath on top of another 
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                  can be done with a volume-limited, but not a pressure-limited, ventilator 
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                  is sometimes used to speak loudly. 
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                  is sometimes used to produce a stronger cough 
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                  all of the above 
 
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            Swallowing with nasal bilevel positive airway pressure - 
                  
                  is much easier than with mouthpiece noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation 
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                  usually occurs during the expiratory part of the ventilator cycle 
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                  requires that the ventilator be set to higher inspiratory and expiratory pressure targets 
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                  often causes inspiration to be triggered and therefore is considered risky 
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                  is illegal 
 
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            Of the following, which currently appears to be the best noninvasive positive pressure ventilation system for speaking and swallowing? - 
                  
                  Volume-limited mouthpiece noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 
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                  Pressure-limited mouthpiece noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 
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                  Nasal bilevel positive airway pressure 
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                  Invasive (tracheostomy) positive pressure ventilation 
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                  Time-based noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation 
 Article Six (pp. 185–200) 
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            Long-term care communities that embrace culture change are - 
                  
                  places where elders care stay in their homes until they die 
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                  places where elders can continue to live, make their own choices, and have control over their daily lives 
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                  places where elders can do whatever they want whenever they want 
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                  places where elders come from a variety of ethnic and cultural backgrounds 
 
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            Examples of person-centered care are - 
                  
                  structure, routines, and predictability 
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                  engagement, predictability, and care planning 
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                  dignity, choice, and engagement 
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                  courtesy, care planning, and structure 
 
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            How might the use of biomarkers to identify at-risk/asymptomatic individuals potentially impact interventions provided by an speechlanguage pathologist? - 
                  
                  Heavy emphasis is placed on standardized testing to identify emergence of symptoms. 
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                  It is unlikely to have an impact, because a speech-language pathologist should not provide treatment to individuals at this early stage. 
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                  Use of brain games during treatment sessions is increased. 
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                  Counseling, support, strategy training, and community programs may be offered earlier in the disease process. 
 
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            What is characteristic of an organization that supports the implementation of evidence-based practices? - 
                  
                  Hierarchical-based 
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                  Participatory-based 
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                  Authority-based 
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                  Rules-driven 
 
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            The aim of Montessori is to create a prepared environment that - 
                  
                  enables individuals to be as independent as possible 
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                  creates a meaningful place in the community for all individuals 
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                  enable individuals to make meaningful contributions to their community 
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                  all of the above 
 Article Seven (pp. 201–218) 
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            True or false? Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing can be more sensitive to penetration and aspiration. 
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            Which instrument measures pressure and timing events during pharyngeal swallowing? - 
                  
                  Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing 
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                  Videofluoroscopy 
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                  Electromyography 
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                  High-resolution manometry 
 
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            True or false? Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has ample randomized controlled trials to justify immediate implementation for patients with head and neck cancer. 
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            Which of the following are have been identified as critical for advancing the science and practice of dysphagia? - 
                  
                  Deeper understanding of physiology and neurophysiology 
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                  Standardization of evaluation 
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                  Consensus on core sets of dysphagia parameters for clinical and research reporting 
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                  Personalized algorithms for implementation of evidenced-based practice 
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                  All of the above 
 Article Eight (pp. 219–224) 
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            Which of the following show promise for distinguishing among different types of dysarthria and between dysarthria and apraxia of speech? - 
                  
                  Transcranial magnetic stimulation 
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                  Patient outcome measures 
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                  Acoustic measures 
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                  Intelligibility measures 
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                  Kinematic strength measures 
 
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            Which of the following statements is true? - 
                  
                  Intelligibility scores are a good representation of most aspects of motor speech disorder severity. 
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                  Intelligibility measures do not capture all aspects of motor speech disorder severity. 
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                  Intelligibility measures are the only way to quantify motor speech disorder severity. 
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                  Motor speech disorder severity cannot be measured. 
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                  None of the above are true. 
 
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            In the future, which of the following may be considered the higher-value measure of treatment effectiveness for motor speech disorders? - 
                  
                  Acoustic measures of speech rate 
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                  Functional neuroimaging 
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                  Oromotor strength 
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                  Clinician judgment of articulatory precision 
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                  Patient or communication partner report self-report 
 Article Nine (pp. 225–228) 
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            The in-car foam used for injury mitigation in the film Demolition Man was called - 
                  
                  Superfoam 
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                  Safetyfoam 
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                  Securefoam 
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                  Seafoam 
 
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            Ed TV introduced rehabilitation team members to the idea of - 
                  
                  continuous recordings of people in their everyday lives 
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                  Matthew McConaughey as a leading man 
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                  robots as potential communication partners 
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                  automatic foam filling a car for injury prevention 
 
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            The Health Coaching Platform created by researchers at Northeastern University includes - 
                  
                  sensors for temperature, light, and noise 
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                  wearable gyroscopes to track body position in the home 
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                  bed sensors to detect movements during sleep 
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                  all of the above 
 
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            The uncanny valley refers to - 
                  
                  the location of an innovative rehabilitation program 
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                  the gap between what is known and what is predicted 
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                  humans' eerie feeling when they see a robot that is too humanlike 
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                  robots' eerie feeling when they see a human that is too robotlike 
 
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