Die menschliche Hämostase unter Weltraumbedingungen – Relevant nicht nur für die Flug- und Raumfahrtmedizin?

Die Bedingungen eines Raumflugs beeinflussen die Hämostase. Die Einflussfaktoren sind vielfältig und umfassen neben Mikro- und Hypergravitation auch orthostatischen und psychologischen Stress. Neben Astronauten und Piloten setzen sich auch immer mehr Menschen im Rahmen ihrer Freizeitgestaltung erhöhter und abgeschwächter Schwerkraft auf Achterbahnen, Parabelflügen und in Zukunft an Bord von kommerziellen Raumflügen aus.

Diese Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen bemannter Weltraumflüge auf die menschliche Hämostase. Anhand der Literatur und eigenen Studienergebnissen zeigen die Autoren die Physiologie des Gerinnungssystems unter Weltraumbedingungen auf und verknüpfen Erkenntnisse der physiologischen Grundlagenforschung mit Fragen der praktischen Flug- und Raumfahrtmedizin.

Die Autoren kommen zu dem Schluss, dass Hypergravitation das Gerinnungspotenzial des menschlichen Blutes erhöht. Außerdem finden sie Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass das Gerinnungspotenzial in Mikrogravitation abgeschwächt ist.

Spaceflight impacts human hemostasis (HH). However influencing factors are manifold and comprise micro- and hypergravity, orthostatic and psychological stress. Not only astronauts and pilots are exposed to increased or decreased gravity levels but also normal individuals are in an increasing manner for the purpose of recreation. Rapid gravity transitions occur in parabolic and suborbital commercial space flights or during roller coaster rides.

Therefore this survey focuses on the HH in space and in the space related environment. The authors describe the particular behavior of the HH in the space related context by reviewing the literature and stating their own research results thereby bringing together basic physiological research with applied aerospace medicine.

The authors present strong evidence for a hypercoagulability evoked by hypergravity but find only weak evidence for a diminished clotting potential in microgravity.

Key words

thromboembolic event - orthostasis - hypergravity - microgravity - commercial space flight

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