Assoziation des MAOA-uVNTR-Polymorphismus mit antisozialem Verhalten bei alkoholabhängigen Männern

Zusammenfassung

Ziele: Untersucht wurde der MAOA-uVNTR-Polymorphismus des X-chromosomal vererbten Monoaminooxidase-A(MAOA)-Gens und sein Zusammenhang mit dem breiteren Phänotyp Alkoholabhängigkeit einerseits und impulsivem, aggressivem Verhalten bei alkoholabhängigen Männern andererseits. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass der MAOA-L-Genotyp (Low-activity-Variante mit 3 oder 5 Wiederholungen von 30 Basenpaaren in der Promoterregion) mit impulsiven und antisozialen Verhaltensweisen assoziiert ist.

Methoden: Der MAOA-Genotyp wurde bei 371 alkoholabhängigen Männern sowie bei 236 gesunden männlichen Kontrollen deutscher Herkunft bestimmt. Die Impulsivitäts- und Aggressionswerte wurden anhand der psychometrischen Selbstbeurteilungsskalen Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) sowie NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI) ermittelt. Es wurde jeweils ein „median split“ der Summenwerte des BIS, Buss Durkee Physical Assault (tätlicher Angriff), Buss Durkee Irritability (Reizbarkeit), TCI und NEO-FFI durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Es konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Phänotyp Alkoholabhängigkeit und dem MAOA-Genotyp bei alkoholabhängigen Männern festgestellt werden. Dagegen ergab sich ein gerade signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen höheren Werten bei der Impulsivität gemäß BIS und dem MAOA-L-Genotyp (p = 0,043). Auch konnte eine Tendenz dahin gehend festgestellt werden, dass alkoholabhängige Männer mit höheren Werten beim Merkmal „tätlicher Angriff“ gemäß BDHI etwas häufiger den MAOA-L-Genotyp aufwiesen (p = 0,058).

Fazit: Diese Ergebnisse zeigen einen schwach signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen dem MAOA-L-Genotyp und impulsivem sowie aggressivem Verhalten bei alkoholabhängigen Männern. Weitere Studien zu dieser Frage sind notwendig.

Abstract

Aims: We have analysed the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism in the promoter region of the X-chromosomal monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene. The first aim was to examine the association between the MAOA genotype and the alcoholic phenotype. In the second part of the paper we have analysed the association of the MAOA genotype with impulsive and aggressive behaviour. Genotypes with 3 or 5-repeat alleles (MAOA-L-genotype) were reported to be associated with impulsive and aggressive traits.

Methods: The MAOA genotype was determined in 371 male alcohol-dependent subjects and 236 male controls all of German descent. Behavioural and personality traits were evaluated using the self-report questionnaires Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). A median split in BIS, Buss Durkee Physical Assault, Buss Durkee Irritability, TCI and NEO-FFI was conducted.

Results: No association could be detected between the MAOA genotype and the alcoholic phenotype. Based on the results of the BIS questionnaire, we were able to make out an association between the MAOA-L genotype and higher levels of impulsivity (p = 0.043). Furthermore – without reaching statistical significance – we detected a very slight association between the MAOA-L genotype and higher scores in the BDHI subcategory physical aggression (p = 0.058).

Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that the MAOA-L genotype is to some extent associated with impulsive and antisocial personality traits in alcoholic men. Further studies on that question are needed.

Schlüsselwörter

Alkohol - Aggression - Gewalt - Genetik - Monoaminooxidase

Key words

alcohol - aggression - violence - genetics - monoamine oxidase

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