Kardiale MRT bei Patienten mit angeborenen Herzfehlern

Zusammenfassung

Die Häufigkeit von Herzfehlern bei Neugeborenen liegt in Deutschland bei etwa 10,7/1000 Lebendgeburten. Über 90 % der betroffenen Patienten erreichen das Erwachsenenalter. Die Einteilung der angeborenen Herzfehler kann sich an den betroffenen anatomischen Strukturen, dem Vorhandensein von Shunts (Links-rechts-Shunt, Rechts-links-Shunt, kein Shunt), dem Vorliegen einer Zyanose oder der notwendigen Behandlungsintensität/Komplexität orientieren. Nahezu die Hälfte der angeborenen Herzfehler sind in der Gruppe der Shuntvitien zu finden, alle anderen, vor allem komplexe Vitien wie die Fallot-Tetralogie oder die Transposition der großen Gefäße, sind deutlich seltener. Die kardiale MRT ist heute ein essenzieller Bestandteil der Diagnostik und Nachsorge von Patienten mit einem angeborenen Herzfehler. Regelhaft wird ein multiparametrisches Untersuchungsprotokoll verwendet. Zur Optimierung der Untersuchung und Einsparung von Untersuchungszeit ist insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten die Kenntnis von Vorbefunden und durchgeführten Operationsverfahren notwendig.

Abstract

The prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is around 10 per 1000 live births in Germany. More than 90 % of these patients will survive into adulthood due to improvements in therapy. The classification of CHD may be based according to the anatomic structures involved, to the presence of an intracardiac shunt, the presence of a cyanosis and the intensity of therapy and complexity of the disease. Nearly half of all patients with CHD suffer from an intracardiac shunt, whereas complex cases such as patients with a tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great arteries are much more rare. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the work-up and follow-up of patients with CHD, especially after infancy and childhood. Depending on the abnormality in question, a multiparametric examination protocol is mandatory. Knowledge of operative procedures and findings of other imaging modalities help to optimize examination and time needed for it.

Keywords

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging - congenital heart disease - MR protocols - CHD entities

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