Multiple Sklerose-Therapie so früh wie möglich – Pro

Einleitung

In den vergangenen beiden Jahrzehnten wurden zahlreiche Medikamente für die Behandlung der schubförmigen Multiplen Sklerose (MS) [1] entwickelt. Erschien in den 1950er- bis 1970er-Jahren nur eine Schubbehandlung mit Kortikosteroiden sinnvoll, so verfügen wir heutzutage über eine Reihe von immunmodulatorisch/-suppressiv wirksamen Substanzen. Überwiegend sind diese für die schubförmig verlaufende MS (RRMS) zugelassen.

• Literatur

• 1 Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH et al. Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. Lancet 2007; 370: 389-397
• 2 Lublin FD, Baier M, Cutter G. Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2003; 61: 1528-1532
• 3 Weinshenker BG. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: update 1998. Seminars in neurology 1998; 18: 301-307
• 4 De Stefano N, Narayanan S, Francis GS et al. Evidence of axonal damage in the early stages of multiple sclerosis and its relevance to disability. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 65-70
• 5 Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM et al. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. The New England journal of medicine 1998; 338: 278-285
• 6 Bjartmar C, Kidd G, Mork S et al. Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 893-901
• 7 Bjartmar C, Trapp BD. Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and functional consequences. Curr Opin Neurol 2001; 14: 271-278
• 8 Leray E, Yaouanq J, Le Page E et al. Evidence for a two-stage disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Brain: a journal of neurology 2010; 133: 1900-1913
• 9 Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F et al. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study. Lancet 2001; 357: 1576-1582
• 10 Comi G, Martinelli V, Rodegher M et al. Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 1503-1511
• 11 Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group. The New England journal of medicine 2000; 343: 898-904
• 12 Kappos L, Polman CH, Freedman MS et al. Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2006; 67: 1242-1249
• 13 Edan G, Kappos L, Montalban X et al. Long-term impact of interferon beta-1b in patients with CIS: 8-year follow-up of BENEFIT. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;
• 14 McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 121-127
• 15 Kappos L, Traboulsee A, Constantinescu C et al. Long-term subcutaneous interferon beta-1a therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 2006; 67: 944-953
• 16 Kinkel RP, Kollman C, O’Connor P et al. IM interferon beta-1a delays definite multiple sclerosis 5 years after a first demyelinating event. Neurology 2006; 66: 678-684
• 17 O’Connor P. Champs. The effects of intramuscular interferon beta-Ia in patients at high risk for development of multiple sclerosis: a post hoc analysis of data from CHAMPS. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2865-2874
• 18 Galetta SL. The controlled high risk Avonex multiple sclerosis trial (CHAMPS Study). J Neuroophthalmol 2001; 21: 292-295
• 19 Comi G, De Stefano N, Freedman MS et al. Comparison of two dosing frequencies of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (REFLEX): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology 2012; 11: 33-41
• 20 Strasser-Fuchs S, Enzinger C, Ropele S et al. Clinically benign multiple sclerosis despite large T2 lesion load: can we explain this paradox?. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 205-211
• 21 Group PS, the University of British Columbia MSMRIAG. PRISMS-4: Long-term efficacy of interferon-beta-1a in relapsing MS. Neurology 2001; 56: 1628-1636
• 22 Rieckmann P, Toyka KV. Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus G. [Immunomodulatory staged therapy of multiple sclerosis. New aspects and practical applications, March 2002]. Nervenarzt 2002; 73: 556-563
• 23 Scalfari A, Neuhaus A, Daumer M et al. Early relapses, onset of progression, and late outcome in multiple sclerosis. JAMA neurology 2013; 70: 214-222