Extracorporeal Support for Severe Acute Respiratory Failure

Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R) techniques have increasingly been applied in patients with severe acute lung injury refractory to conventional mechanical ventilatory support. The objectives of this article are to review current concepts of extracorporeal life support techniques (ECMO and ECCO₂R systems) and provide the rationale for their application in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, and as adjunctive therapy for bridging patients to lung transplantation.

Keywords

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - extracorporeal support - extracorporeal CO₂ removal - mechanical ventilation - low tidal volume - noninvasive mechanical ventilation

• References

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