Präventives Potenzial mediterraner Kost

Zusammenfassung

In Europa nimmt die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität seit Jahrzehnten stetig ab, allerdings sind die spezifischen Risikofaktoren immer noch weit verbreitet. Ungünstige Ernährungsgewohnheiten spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Die mediterrane Ernährungsweise in den südeuropäischen Ländern dürfte das dort besonders niedrige Risiko für Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall erklären. In der Lyon-Diet-Heart-Studie, einer Studie zur Sekundärprävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse, zeigte sich die mediterrane Ernährung der fettreduzierten Kost der American Heart Association (AHA Step 1) signifikant überlegen. Eine große Interventionsstudie zur Primärprävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse bei Hochrisikopatienten, PREDIMED, bestätigte kürzlich die kardioprotektive Wirkung der mediterranen Kost. Die Verwendung von nativem Olivenöl und Nüssen waren dabei wesentliche Bestandteile dieser Ernährungsweise. Es wird angenommen, dass eine Kost, die sich mit regionalen Produkten an die Mittelmeerkost anlehnt, eine ähnliche kardioprotektive Wirkung besitzt.

Abstract

In Europe, cardiovascular mortality is steadily decreasing since decades, however, the specific risk factors are still widely distributed in the population. Unfavourable dietary patterns are considered to be a main cause. The mediterranean diet as the traditional diet in the Southern European countries may explain the low incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke in this region. The Lyon Diet Heart Study is the first randomized controlled intervention trial to demonstrate the efficacy of this diet for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications compared to the dietary recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA Step 1). The recently published results of the PREDIMED trial, a large intervention study for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high risk patients confirmed the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet. Virgin olive oil and nuts were essential components of this nutrition regime. There is agreement that a Mediterranean-type diet using regional products of similar composition may have a similar cardioprotective effect.

Schlüsselwörter

mediterrane Kost - Olivenöl - Nüsse - Primärprävention - Sekundärprävention

Key words

mediterranean diet - olive oil - nuts - primary prevention - secondary prevention

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