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Planta Med 2014; 80(18): 1706-1711
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383183
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Pharmacological Activities of Cilantroʼs Aliphatic Aldehydes against Leishmania donovani

Mateus A. Donega
1   Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
,
Simone C. Mello
1   Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
,
Rita M. Moraes
2   National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
3   Center for Water and Wetland Resources, The University of Mississippi, Abbeville, MS, USA
,
Surendra K. Jain
2   National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
,
Babu L. Tekwani
2   National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
,
Charles L. Cantrell
4   USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 03 January 2014
revised 28 August 2014

accepted 18 September 2014

Publication Date:
23 October 2014 (online)

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by different Leishmania species. Global occurrences of this disease are primarily limited to tropical and subtropical regions. Treatments are available; however, patients complain of side effects. Different species of plants have been screened as a potential source of new drugs against leishmaniasis. In this study, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) essential oil and its main components: (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-dodecenal, decanal, dodecanal, and tetradecanal. The essential oil of C. sativum leaves inhibits growth of Leishmani donovani promastigotes in culture with an IC50 of 26.58 ± 6.11 µg/mL. The aliphatic aldehydes (E)-2-decenal (7.85 ± 0.28 µg/mL), (E)-2-undecenal (2.81 ± 0.21 µg/mL), and (E)-2-dodecenal (4.35 ± 0.15 µg/mL), all isolated from C. sativum essential oil, are effective inhibitors of in vitro cultures of L. donovani promastigotes. Aldehydes (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-undecenal, and (E)-2-dodecenal were also evaluated against axenic amastigotes and IC50 values were determined to be 2.47 ± 0.25 µg/mL, 1.25 ± 0.11 µg/mL, and 4.78 ± 1.12 µg/mL, respectively. (E)-2-Undecenal and (E)-2-dodecenal demonstrated IC50 values of 5.65 ± 0.19 µg/mL and 9.60 ± 0.89 µg/mL, respectively, against macrophage amastigotes. These cilantro compounds showed no cytotoxicity against THP-1 macrophages.

Key words

Coriandrum sativum - Apiaceae - essential oil - (E)-2-decenal - (E)-2-undecenal - (E)-2-dodecenal