Penetrierende Verletzungen der Kopf-Hals-Region – Eine Potentiell Lebensbedrohliche Situation

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Schnitt-, Stich- und Schussverletzungen der Kopf-Hals-Region stellen aufgrund der hohen Gefahr von vaskulären Läsionen ein potentiell lebensbedrohliches Krankheitsbild dar. Ein konsequentes, standardisiertes Notfallmanagement, in der Regel assoziiert mit einer operativen Exploration, ist Grundlage der effektiven Rettungskette.

Methoden und Patienten: 11 Fälle selbst- oder fremdverschuldeter penetrierender Verletzungen der Kopf-Hals-Region werden hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht, Verletzungshergang, Art der Verletzung, beteiligter Strukturen, diagnostischen und operativen Vorgehens sowie Outcome beschrieben und der aktuellen Literatur und Leitlinien gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse: Bei 10 von 11 Patienten wurde, im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Schockraummanagements, nach einer klinischen Untersuchung eine CT-Angiografie durchgeführt. Bei 9 dieser Patienten wurde daraufhin eine chirurgische Exploration und Wundversorgung vorgenommen. In je 2 Fällen waren die Arteria carotis communis, die Arteria carotis externa sowie große venöse Blutgefäße des Halses verletzt. Keiner der Patienten verstarb oder litt unter bleibenden Schäden.

Schlussfolgerung: Eine rasche, systematische und fächerübergreifende Versorgung in speziellen Trauma-Zentren hat einen wesentlichen Anteil daran dass Patienten mit penetrierenden Verletzungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich seltener an ihren schwerwiegenden Verletzungen oder deren Folgen versterben.

Abstract

Penetrating Injuries of the Head and Neck Region – A Potentially Life Threatening Situation

Background: Cuts, stabs and gunshot wounds in the head and neck region are potentially life-threatening because of the high risk of vascular lesions. A consistent emergency management is usually based on an operative exploration of the wound with effective reconstruction of viable structures.

Patients and Methods: Various penetrating injuries of the head and neck region are described in 11 cases with respect of age, gender, course of events of injury, type of injury, involved structures, diagnostic and operative procedures and outcome and compared with current literature and guidelines.

Results: In 10 of 11 patients, in the context of an interdisciplinary emergency room management, CT angiography was performed following clinical examination. A surgical exploration and wound treatment was performed in 9 of these patients. The common carotid artery, the external carotid artery and large venous blood vessels of the neck were injured in 2 cases respectively. None of the patients deceased or suffered permanent damage.

Conclusion: The outcome of deep head and neck lesions with relevant vascular trauma is determined by a rapid and interdisciplinary approach. A rapid, systematic and interdisciplinary approach in specialized trauma centers has a significant role in ensuring that patients with penetrating wounds in the head and neck ­region rarely die due to their serious injury or their consequences.

Schlüsselwörter

penetrierende ­Halsverletzung - penetrierende ­Kopfverletzung - posttraumatische Blutung - zervikale Gefäßverletzung - Notfallmanagement

Key words

penetrating injuries of head and neck - posttraumatic bleeding - vascular lesion - emergency management - impalement injuries

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