Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung: Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie

Kernaussagen

• Die COPD ist eine entzündliche Systemerkrankung, die nicht nur auf die Lunge begrenzt ist und mit zahlreichen Komorbiditäten assoziiert ist. Diese Multimorbidität sollte beachtet werden.

• Charakteristisch ist eine nicht vollständig reversible Atemwegsobstruktion in der Spirometrie. Im fortgeschrittenen Stadium kommt es zur Überblähung der Lunge (Lungenemphysem).

• Das Beenden des Rauchens ist die effektivste Maßnahme zur Verbesserung der Prognose. Die Patienten sollten hierzu Hilfestellungen vom Arzt bekommen.

• Die medikamentöse Therapie entsprechend dem Stufenschema verbessert die Lebensqualität, die Zahl der Exazerbationen und andere wichtige praxisrelevante Endpunkte. Die Langzeitsauerstofftherapie verbessert die Prognose.

• Patientenschulungen und rehabilitative Maßnahmen sollten in der Therapieplanung berücksichtigt werden, da sie Lebensqualität und Gesamtprognose verbessern.

• Literatur

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