Ist die Beschneidung männlicher Neugeborener eine präventivmedizinische Maßnahme? – Allgemeine evidenzbasierte Analyse und spezielle Erkenntnisse aus der Diabetologie

In der letzten Zeit wurde eine kontroverse Diskussion hinsichtlich der Beschneidung männlicher Neugeborener geführt. Es wurde insbesondere intensiv darüber diskutiert, inwieweit diese Maßnahmen einen Eingriff in die Persönlichkeitsrechte des Kindes oder des Mannes darstellen und eine Körperverletzung sind oder einen medizinischen Nutzen darstellen. Eine umfassende Analyse der vorhandenen Evidenz entsprechend der Studienlage im deutschen Sprachraum wurde jetzt erstmalig durchgeführt. Es werden hier auch neue Aspekte aus der Diabetologie angesprochen.

• Literatur

• 1 Bromage SJ, Crump A, Pearce I. Phimosis as a presenting feature of diabetes. BJU Int 2008; 101: 338-340
• 2 Minagawa T, Murata Y. A case of urinary retention caused by true phimosis. Hinyokika Kiyo 2008; 54: 427-429
• 3 Verma SB, Wollina U. Looking through the cracks of diabetic candidal balanoposthitis!. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4: 511-513
• 4 Hombalkar NN et al. Devastating penile mycosis leading to penile gangrene. Urology 2013; 82: 704-706
• 5 Fakjian N et al. An argument for circumcision. Prevention of balanitis in the adult. Arch Dermatol 1990; 126: 1046-1047
• 6 American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on C. Circumcision policy statement. Pediatrics 2012; 130: 585-586
• 7 Circumcision policy statement. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Circumcision. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 686-693
• 8 Castellsague X et al. HPV and circumcision: a biased, inaccurate and misleading meta-analysis. J Infect author reply 2007; 55: 93-96
• 9 Larke N et al. Male circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2011; 204: 1375-1390
• 10 Albero G et al. Male circumcision and genital human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2012; 39: 104-113
• 11 Serwadda D et al. Circumcision of HIV-infected men: effects on high-risk human papillomavirus infections in a randomized trial in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2010; 201: 1463-1469
• 12 Gray RH et al. Male circumcision decreases acquisition and increases clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-negative men: a randomized trial in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2010; 201: 1455-1462
• 13 Tobian AA et al. Male circumcision for the prevention of HSV-2 and HPV infections and syphilis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1298-1309
• 14 Auvert B et al. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Med 2005; 2
• 15 Tobian AA et al. Circumcision of HIV-infected men and transmission of human papillomavirus to female partners: analyses of data from a randomised trial in Rakai, Uganda. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11: 604-612
• 16 Wawer MJ et al. Effect of circumcision of HIV-negative men on transmission of human papillomavirus to HIV-negative women: a randomised trial in Rakai, Uganda. Lancet 2011; 377: 209-218
• 17 Van Howe RS. Human papillomavirus and circumcision: a meta-analysis. J Infect 2007; 54: 490-496
• 18 Castellsague X et al. Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1105-1112
• 19 Gray R et al. The effectiveness of male circumcision for HIV prevention and effects on risk behaviors in a posttrial follow-up study. Aids 2012; 26: 609-615
• 20 Weiss HA, Hankins CA, Dickson K. Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 669-677
• 21 Wawer MJ et al. Circumcision in HIV-infected men and its effect on HIV transmission to female partners in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 229-237
• 22 Sobngwi-Tambekou J et al. Effect of HSV-2 serostatus on acquisition of HIV by young men: results of a longitudinal study in Orange Farm, South Africa. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 958-964
• 23 Millett GA et al. Circumcision status and risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008; 300: 1674-1684
• 24 Mills E et al. Male circumcision for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomized trials involving 11,050 men. HIV Med 2008; 9: 332-335
• 25 Gray RH et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet 2007; 369: 657-666
• 26 Bailey RC et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 369: 643-656
• 27 Weiss HA, Quigley MA, Hayes RJ. Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aids 2000; 14: 2361-2370
• 28 Wiysonge CS et al. Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD 007496 2011; 6
• 29 Tobian AA et al. Male circumcision and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in female partners: a randomized trial in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2012; 205: 486-490
• 30 Weiss HA et al. Male circumcision and risk of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect discussion 2006; 82
• 31 Gray RH et al. The effects of male circumcision on female partners' genital tract symptoms and vaginal infections in a randomized trial in Rakai, Uganda. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200
• 32 Mehta SD et al. Adult male circumcision does not reduce the risk of incident Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis infection: results from a randomized, controlled trial in Kenya. J Infect Dis 2009; 200: 370-378
• 33 Backes DM et al. Male circumcision is associated with a lower prevalence of human papillomavirus-associated penile lesions among Kenyan men. Int J Cancer 2012; 130: 1888-1897
• 34 Larke NL et al. Male circumcision and penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22: 1097-1110
• 35 Singh-Grewal D, Macdessi J, Craig J. Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: a systematic review of randomised trials and observational studies. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90: 853-858
• 36 Kigozi G et al. Sexual satisfaction of women partners of circumcised men in a randomized trial of male circumcision in Rakai, Uganda. BJU Int 2009; 104: 1698-1701
• 37 Kigozi G et al. The effect of male circumcision on sexual satisfaction and function, results from a randomized trial of male circumcision for human immunodeficiency virus prevention, Rakai, Uganda. BJU Int 2008; 101: 65-70
• 38 Krieger JN et al. Adult male circumcision: effects on sexual function and sexual satisfaction in Kisumu, Kenya. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 2610-2622
• 39 Hoschke B et al. Male circumcision is not associated with an increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction: results of the Cottbus 10,000-men survey. Urologe A 2013; 52: 562-569
• 40 Kacker S et al. Costs and Effectiveness of Neonatal Male Circumcision. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012; 20: 1-9
• 41 Tanne JH. Lower circumcision rates mean higher health costs, US study says. BMJ 2012; 345
• 42 To T et al. Cohort study on circumcision of newborn boys and subsequent risk of urinary-tract infection. Lancet 1998; 352: 1813-1816