Reproduktive Faktoren und Ovarialkarzinomrisiko – ein Update

Zusammenfassung

Das Ovarialkarzinom ist potenziell ein endokrin abhängiger Tumor. Trotz intensiver wissenschaftlicher Bemühungen während der letzten Jahrzehnte wird die Ätiologie und Pathogenese dieser Tumorentität nur teilweise verstanden. Zahlreiche Kohorten- und Fall-Kontroll-Studien untersuchten den Zusammenhang zwischen reproduktiven Faktoren und dem Risiko für ein Ovarialkarzinom. Nur in wenigen Fällen konnten jedoch eindeutige Schlüsse gezogen werden. Eine kurze Lebensspanne mit menstruellen Zyklen, Parität und Laktation wirken protektiv. Infertilität scheint das Risiko für ein Ovarialkarzinom zu erhöhen, wobei sicherlich die Ursache für Infertilität in künftige Untersuchungen mit einbezogen werden sollten. Endometriose ist eine Ursache für Infertilität. Zahlreiche Arbeiten der letzten Jahre haben ein erhöhtes Ovarialkarzinomrisiko für Patientinnen mit Endometriose zeigen können. Es existieren einige Erklärungsmodelle für den Zusammenhang zwischen reproduktiven Faktoren und der Entstehung einer Ovarialkarzinoms. Keine von ihnen kann jedoch eine vollständige Erklärung liefern.

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