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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2013; 81(12): 697-705
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355833
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Psychopathie im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Psychopathy in Childhood and Adolescence
F. Petermann
1   Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
,
H. Remschmidt
2   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
04 December 2013 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Persönlichkeitsstörungen äußern sich in stabilen Abweichungen von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, die sich in der Interaktion mit anderen Menschen negativ bemerkbar machen. Dies wird insbesondere bei den dissozialen und antisozialen Störungen deutlich: schweren Symptomen im Erwachsenenalter sind oftmals spezifische Symptomausprägungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter vorgelagert. Eine einschlägige Diagnose psychopathischer Störungen bereits bei Kindern und Jugendlichen wird immer häufiger gefordert. Besonders gut erforscht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist die dissoziale und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. Die schwerste Form der dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung, die Psychopathie, kann heute nicht separat klassifiziert werden. Als besonders kritisch erweist sich die Übertragung der Diagnose auf das Kindes- und Jugendalter: aufgrund der Persistenz-Annahme sowie der Gefahr der Stigmatisierung stehen viele Diagnostiker und Therapeuten einer Diagnose ablehnend gegenüber. Dem gegenüber stehen Behandlungserfolge mit neuen Verfahren, die eine Minderung der Symptome zum frühestmöglichen Zeitpunkt zum Ziel haben. Eine Spezifizierung der dissozialen Störung im Kindes- und Jugendalter könnte daher zum einen die Entwicklung von Behandlungsmethoden vorantreiben, zum anderen könnte in der Folge die hartnäckige Annahme der Stabilität von Persönlichkeitsstörungen relativiert werden und somit eine Entstigmatisierung erfolgen.

Abstract

Personality disorders manifest themselves in stable deviations of personality traits that especially arise in negative interactions with others. Those typical dysfunctional interactions can be observed particularly in dissocial and antisocial personality disorders: adults with severe forms of personality disorders often showed specific symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Clinical researchers therefore demand a respective diagnosis of childhood and adolescent psychopathy. There is an extensive body of research on dissocial and borderline personality disorders in children and adolescents. To date the severe form of dissocial personality disorders, psychopathy, cannot be specifically classified. The transfer of this diagnosis to childhood and adolescence is crucial: based on the assumption of persistence and the risk of stigmatisation many clinicians refuse to diagnose psychopathy at a young age. On the other hand there are positive treatment outcomes that aim at symptom reduction from a very early age. The specification of dissocial personality disorders in childhood and adolescence may encourage the development of new treatments and the de-stigmatisation as well as qualify the dogged assumption of persistence of personality disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychopathie - Persönlichkeitsstörung - dissoziale Störung - antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung - callous-unemotional traits

Key words

psychopathy - personality disorders - dissocial personality - antisocial personality disorder - callous-unemotional traits
 

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