Entwicklung und Einsatz der Physiotherapie in der Palliativversorgung – Eine systematische Literaturanalyse

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Ziel: Multiprofessionalität beinhaltet bezogen auf die Palliativmedizin u. a. die Integration unterschiedlicher therapeutischer Berufsgruppen in der Versorgung von schwer kranken und sterbenden Menschen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Rolle und Potenziale der Physiotherapie in der Palliativmedizin herauszuarbeiten.

Methodisches Vorgehen: Durchgeführt wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Physiotherapie in der Palliativmedizin ohne zeitliche Begrenzung in unterschiedlichen Datenbanken (Medline^®, CINAHL^®, SciVerse Scopus, Pedro, AMED).

Ergebnisse: In die formale und themenbezogene Analyse wurden 135 Publikationen eingeschlossen, die im Verlauf von 45 Jahren veröffentlicht worden sind. Es dominieren Übersichtsarbeiten, explorative Studien und Positionspapiere, während nur wenige Interventionsstudien vorliegen. Zentrale Themen in der Literatur sind: die Rolle der Physiotherapie in der Palliativmedizin, einzelne physiotherapeutische Interventionen und Qualifikationserfordernisse.

Fazit: Die Ergebnisse zeigen wertvolle Handlungsfelder der Physiotherapie in der Palliativmedizin auf. Vieles spricht dafür, Physiotherapeuten eine prominentere Rolle in multiprofessionellen Palliativ-Teams zukommen zu lassen, um die Potenziale unterschiedlicher passiver und aktivierender Maßnahmen ausschöpfen zu können. Weitere Interventionsstudien sind nötig, um die Effekte physiotherapeutischer Maßnahmen in unterschiedlichen palliativen Versorgungssituationen auf eine breitere wissenschaftliche Datenbasis zu stellen.

Abstract

Background: The multidisciplinary approach of palliative care contains the integration of different therapeutic occupational groups in the care of seriously ill and dying persons. The aim of the study was to evaluate potentials, roles and perspectives of physiotherapy in palliative care.

Methods: Without any time limitation a systematic literature search for physiotherapy in palliative care was conducted in several scientific databases (Medline^®, CINAHL^®, SciVerse Scopus, Pedro, AMED).

Results: The formal and theme analysis included 135 papers. These papers were published over a time period of 45 years. The majority of publications consisted of reviews, case studies, and position papers. Only few interventional trials were found. Central topics in the selected papers were: the role of physiotherapists in palliative medicine, physical therapy interventions, and qualification needs.

Conclusion: The results point out important fields of action for physiotherapy in palliative care, suggesting the need for further integration of physical therapist in multidisciplinary palliative teams, so that the potentials of active and passive concepts can be better used. However, more interventional studies are necessary to proof the effects of physiotherapy in various palliative settings.

Schlüsselwörter

Physiotherapie - Palliativmedizin - Krankengymnastik - Palliative Care

Keywords

physiotherapy - palliative medicine - physical therapy - palliative care

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